Objective

• Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface

as a result of earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions and enumerate what to do before,
during and after earthquake and volcanic
eruptions
Earth’s Major Plates & Types of
Plate Boundaries
MODULE 1
Introduction

•Book Activity No. 1

•Science Links 6
•LOOP
•p. 281
Description (Transitory Statement)
•The motivational activity is about earthquake and
volcanic eruption. It helps the students to identify
the different things that can happen by analyzing
the pictures.
Earth’s Major Plates

⇒ The lithosphere is made up of rigid

layer of the Earth’s crust known as
crustal plates.
⇒ Some plates are small while others
are large.
Earth’s Major Plates

⇒ The large plates are known as major plates.

⇒ The major or largest plates are Eurasian
plate, Pacific plate, North American plate, Indo-
Australian plate, Antartica plate, and African
plate.
Plate Boundaries & Plate Movements

• Plate boundaries are areas where two

plates meet.
⇒ The plates move or drift slowly.
⇒ As plates, moves, they interact in several
ways.
Plate Boundaries & Plate Movements

⇒ Two plates could collide, separate, or slide past

each other.
⇒ The movements of plates help geologists
explain different geological events like
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the
formation of oceans and continents.
Types of Plate
Boundaries
1. Convergent Plate Boundaries

⇒ It occurs where tectonic

plates collide.
3 Types of Convergent
Plate Boundaries
Oceanic-to-oceanic plate boundary
(between 2 oceanic plates)

⇒ The denser plate is the one that

subducts or is pushed downward by the
less-dense plate.
Continental-to-continental colliding plate
boundary (between 2 continental plates)

⇒ The denser plate slides over the less-dense

plate. As a result, an enormous thickening of
the landmasses happens. The landmasses are
buckled upward, forming mountain ranges.
Oceanic-to-continental colliding plate boundary
(between an oceanic plate and continental plate)

⇒ The oceanic plate subducts since it is denser than

the continental plate.

⇒ The oceanic plate that is subducted is consumed

back into the asthenosphere.

⇒ The subduction causes the formation of large

deep trenches.
2. Divergent Plate Boundaries
⇒ It occurs when two plates move apart from each
other.
⇒ When plates break apart, the lithosphere thins and
ruptures, forming fractures on the crust. The
fractures become filled with magma upwelling from
great depths at the surface of the fracture.
2. Divergent Plate Boundaries

⇒ As the magma cools off, a new crust forms

between the diverging plates. In the oceanic
crust, this process is called seafloor
spreading.
⇒ Earthquakes, faults, and underwater volcanic
eruptions occur in this boundary.
3. Transform Plate Boundaries

⇒ It is also called transform fault

boundary
⇒ It occurs when two plates slide past
one another
3. Transform Plate Boundaries

⇒ The movements of the plates are either

diverging or converging or in the same
direction at different rates.
⇒ As the two plates glide each other in
different directions, earthquakes occur.
Description (Transitory Statement)
•The interaction focuses on the causes and
hazardous effect of earthquake and volcanic
activities. The student will be able to realize the
importance of knowing the safety precautions
before, during and after an earthquake and
volcanic eruption.
Integration
•Book Activity No. 2
•Science Links 6
•What to do
•p. 290 & 297

•Book Activity No. 3

•Science Links 6
•Simulating an Earthquake
•p. 282
Religious Values Integration

Luke 21:11
“And great earthquakes shall be in
divers places, and famines, and
pestilences; and fearful sights and great
signs shall there be from heaven.”
Remember
•We should be more dedicated in keeping our faith
in the Lord in the midst of persecutions, false
prophets and temptations, which will challenge
and question our faith. Despite of all the possible
tribulations that we may encounter, as long as we
remain steadfast in our faith, God will always be
with us.