MOST HOLY ROSARY PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

Convento St., Brgy. Talolong Lopez, Quezon

EXPLORING LIFE THROUGH SCIENCE

Name: ____________________________________
Grade Level and Section: Grade 10- St. Therese of the Infant Jesus
Subject: Science
Time Allotted: 3 weeks

CONTENT
MODULE 1: Into the Moving Earth

MODULE 1: INTO THE MOVING EARTH

QUARTER 1

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Describe the internal structure of the Earth
 Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain
belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
 Describe the different types of plate boundaries

HOOK
OPENING PRAYER
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit
As it was in the beginning is now and will be forever. Amen.

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

Great day, dear learners! I am Ma’am Lalaine Ghulam and I will be your teacher in Science. In this module, we
will discuss about the possible causes of Plate Movement.

You know from everyday experience that Earth’s surface is solid. You step on it each day. Occasionally, you see
someone dig into it and reach the rocky part of Earth’s surface.
The plate tectonics theory explains how convection causes rocks to move on Earth’s interior. The theory helps us
understand how earthquakes, volcanic activities, and mountain formation on Earth’s surface are related to the changes
happening underneath Earth.
In this chapter, you will learn about the importance of Plate Tectonics in understanding earth’s interior.

LALAINE 1

Yes! It is going to be hard, but it is going to be worth it!

 ENGAGE
The figure shows the major layers of Earth. The topmost layer of Earth is the
crust. It is the part which we step on. It is made up of hard, solid rock. The
crust extends from the continental part of Earth to the oceanic part.
The next layer is the mantle. It is about 2,885 km thick. The mantle can be
subdivided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle. Geologic events such
as volcanic activity and earthquakes indicate that the outer mantle is solid.
The lower mantle is also solid but behaves to be somewhat “plastic”, that is, it
is soft and easily gives in to pressure. It is easily deformed like a piece of clay.
The inner part of Earth is the core, which consists mostly of iron and nickel. It
is subdivided into the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. The outer
core id about 2210 km thick while the inner core is about 1216 km thick.

TASK 1A: MOVEMENT OF TECTONIC PLATES

Objective: Simulate the movement of tectonic plates

Materials:
Shallow rectangular metal pan
4 big cans of sardines/any cans with the same sizes
3 small wooden blocks (labeled 1, 2, 3)
Marking pen
Alcohol lamp
Used cooking oil
Procedure:
1. Place the pan on top of the cans in a balancing position.
2. Half fill the pan with used cooking oil.
3. Ensure that the blocks float in oil such that they are approximately 1 cm apart.
4. Place an alcohol lamp under the space between block 1 and block 2.
5. Observe the movement of blocks when the oil is heated.

Questions:
1. What happened to the blocks as the oil under the space between block 1 and block 2 was heated?

2. What happened to the distance between block 2 and block 3?

3. What is represented by block 1? Block 2? Block 3?

4. How can you compare your observations to the movement of Earth’s plates?

PLATE TECTONICS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES

LALAINE 2

Yes! It is going to be hard, but it is going to be worth it!

 By studying world maps, Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) found that the continents fit together, like jigsaw puzzle.
When he put the maps of the continents side by side, he saw that they formed a single supercontinent, which he called
Pangea.
Wegener’s continental drift theory was ignored for many years, but in 1960, evidence for continental movement
was revealed, leading to a new version of Wegener’s theory, the theory of plate tectonics.

The theory of plate tectonics explains the formation, movement, and changes of the outer, rigid layers of Earth. It has
been a well-tested concept, supported by much experimental evidence.

How do the types of plate boundaries differ?

Tectonic plates meet in a plate boundary. The leading edges of tectonic plates may be moving away, moving
toward each other, or sliding past one another.

Divergent Boundaries- a divergent boundary is the place

between two plates that move apart. As these plates move, the gap
between them is filled up by magma rising from the asthenosphere. The
magma cools to form new lithospheric rock. As the plates continually
diverge, the lithosphere is pulled away from the point of divergence.

Convergent Boundaries- a convergent boundary lies between two

tectonic plates moving toward each other. The leading edges of
converging plates may be both oceanic plates, an oceanic plate and a
continental plate, or both continental plates.

Transform Boundaries- the third type of plate boundary is the

transform boundary. It refers to the area where the plates slide
horizontally past each other. Transform faults are located in an oceanic
crust or in a continental crust. They lie parallel to the direction of plate
movement. Examples of transform faults are the Philippine Fault System
and West Valley Fault.

ACTIVITY

Answer the questions below. Include some of the terms inside the word box. Underline your
choices.
Word Bank
Divergent plate boundary Volcanic arc Convection current
Transform fault boundary Mountain range Continental

LALAINE 3

Yes! It is going to be hard, but it is going to be worth it!

 Convergent plate boundary Island arc oceanic

1. How do tectonic plates move?

2. How do volcanic arcs and islands arc differ? How are they formed?

3. What happens when two crusts collide? slide along each other?

REFLECTION
Why do volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes form at plate boundaries?

TRANSFER

Now that you are able to understand more deeply the lesson, what are the differences of the types of plate
boundaries?

LALAINE 4

Yes! It is going to be hard, but it is going to be worth it!