GROUP 1

PHYSICAL
SELF
 Contents

1. SELF UNDERSTANDING AND GROWING UP. – Nicolete Caye

Badillo
2. PUBERTY AND BODY IMAGE – Jazzmhin Jhoy R. Aristorenas
3. FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERCEPTION OF THE PHYSICAL
SELF ( PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ) – Ivy Vasquez
4. IMPACT OF CULTURE AND BODY IMAGE AND SELF ESTEEM,
FILIPINO CONCEPT OF BEAUTY – Aira Laoag
5. SELF ESTEEM AND IDEAL BODY IMAGE – Meri Salingay
Lesson 1:
THE PHYSICAL SELF: THE SELF AS
IMPACTED BY THE BODY.
“Self-esteem and self-love are the opposites of fear; the
more you like yourself, the less you fear anything.”

— BRIAN TRACY
 Self-Understanding
01 Discussed by: Nicolete Caye Badillo
 SELF UNDERSTANDING

the individual cognitive’s representation of the self which consists of the substance and the
content of self-conceptions.
⬡ self-understanding in adolescence can be described from simple to perplex and
involves a number of aspects of the self. It differs from the child’s understanding of
self which changes throughout the life span as the person grows older.

GROWING UP
Change of interests
Changes in body
Turning from baby to a teenager
• Building own privacy from parents
An obvious change in teenagers are
changes in physical selves.
The physical self refers to the concrete
dimensions of the body. It is the tangible
aspect of the person which can be directly
observed and examined.
 GROWING UP

Erik Erickson William James

Believe in the importance of the Considered the body as the initial
body from early development source of sensation and necessary for
because the physical as well as the origin and maintenance of
intellectual skills will somehow personality.
serve as a basis to whether a
person has achieved a sense of
competence and be able to
manage and face the demands of
life complexities.
 GROWING UP

Adolescence is divided into three:

1.) Early adolescence (from 11 to 14 years old)
2.) Middle adolescence (15 to 17 years old)
3.) Late adolescence (18-21 years old)
 Puberty and

02
Body Image
Discussed by: Jazzmhin Jhoy R. Aristorenas
 According to Santrock,
puberty is not the same as
adolescence because puberty
ends prior to the end of the
adolescent period. But he
recognized puberty as the
most essential marker of the
beginning of adolescence.
 GIRLS VS. BOYS

GIRLS BOYS
Girls reached puberty Boys, 2 to 3 years later,
earlier than boys and experience “spermarche”
experience “menarche” or “semenarche” which is
his first ejaculation or
which is her first
nocturnal emission (wet
menstrual flow. dreams).
Puberty is “brain neuroendocrine”
process occurring primarily in
early adolescence that triggers the
rapid physical changes that occur
in the adolescent stage of human
development.

Pituitary gland is the

master endocrine
gland that controls
growth and regulates
the function of all
other endocrine
glands.
Including the gonads, ovaries for girls and testes for boys.
Chemical substances (hormones) secreted by the gonads
(sex glands) are distributed by the blood stream throughout
the body.

These hormones (oestrogen for girls) promote physical

changes such as increase in height, widening of the hips and
increase in fatty tissues in the breast of the girls .

It is also this influx of hormones (androgen

and testosterone for boys) which is
responsible for the boy's growth of facial and
body hair, muscles and changes in the voice.

“Primary sexual changes” are changes in the

reproductive organs that prepare both boys
and girls for procreation.
“Secondary sexual changes” are physical
changes that distinguish boys from girls.
 "Adolescents
become
preoccupied with
their bodies and
develop images of
what their bodies
are like." -
Santrock
 THE BODY IMAGE

BODY IMAGE
Body Image refers to the way one sees
herself/himself or the way she/he imagines
how she/he looks. It can be positive or
negative.
POSITIVE BODY
IMAGE
Positive body images are engaged in health
enhancing behavior such as eating a balanced
diet and exercising regularly.

NEGATIVE BODY IMAGE

Adolescents with poor body images have
negative thoughts and feelings about their
appearance which can be either true or not.
Girls are less happy with their body
images than boys throughout their
puberty.

“Imaginary audience” refers to an

egocentric state where the individual
imagines and believes that many people
are actively listening or watching them,
it can be also called “spotlight effect.”
 03

Factors that affect the perception of

the Physical self
Discussed by: Ivy Vasquez
 PERSONAL FACTORS
a. Introspection and Self-reflection
• According to Hewstone, introspection is the
process by which one observes and
examines one's internal state (mental and
emotional) after behaving in a certain way.

b. Self-Perception Theory
• Since one's internal state is difficult to
interpret, people can infer their inner states by
observing their own behavior.
• Physical perception includes all aspects of
a person's perception of his physical self.
 PERSONAL FACTORS

c. Self- d. Personal
Concept Identity
• A cognitive • The concept a person has
representation of self- about himself  that
knowledge which develops over the years. 
includes the sum total of • Includes aspects of his life
all beliefs that people that he was born into like
have about themselves. family, nationality, gender,
• Physical self-concept is physical traits, as well as 
the individual's the choices he makes, such
perception or description as what he does for a
of his physical self, living, who his friends are
including his and what he believes in.
physical appearance
SOCIAL
FACTORS
a. Attachment Process and Social Appraisal

• Positive self-concept when caregiving is consistent and

appropriately responds to the infant's needs.
• Negative self-concept when caregiving is neglectful and
unresponsive

b. Maintaining, Regulating and Expanding the Self in

Interpersonal Relationships
• The sense of self is continuously shaped through
ongoing interaction with others or with significant
relationship partners.
• They act as private audiences

c. The Looking-glass Self Theory

• "A person's self grows out of society's interpersonal
interactions and the perception of others."
• The self-image is shaped and reflected from the social world.
 d. Social Comparison
~ is a process of comparing oneself with others
in order to evaluate one's own abilities

Upward Social Downward Social

Comparison Comparison
• Happens when an • Happens when an
individual compares individual compares
himself to others who himself to someone who is
are better than him. in a worse situation than
• On the negative, when he is especially when he is
an individual compares feeling so low.
himself with someone • Comparing oneself to a
better than him, he may less fortunate person may
experience inferiority, give rise to feelings of
envy or frustration. superiority and arrogance.
 Social Identity (Collective Theory)
~ formulated by Tajfel and Turner in 1979
which provides a framework about how
people achieve understanding about
themselves by being a member of their
group. 
 Comparison of Self and Identity

SELF
• The person that someone
truly is or the entire
person of the individual.
• The total characteristics
or qualities of a person
both known and
unknown to others
but known to oneself.
• A way of making sense of
IDENTITY
• Is who a person believes
she or he is, representing a
synthesis and integration
of self-understanding
(Santrock,2014)
• The traits and
characteristics, social
relations, roles, and social
group memberships that
define who one is.
some aspect or part of self-
concept (Leary and
Tangney, 2012)
 "Identities are not the stable markers of
what people expect to be, but rather are
dynamically created in the moment."
- Leary and Tangney (2012)

Choices that feel identity-consistent in one

situation may not necessarily feel identity-
consistent in another situation.

The social milieu is crucial in developing the

individual's self-knowledge either from
direct or indirect feedback through
interaction, interpretation of how others see
them and group identification.
 The Impact of Culture on Body
image and Self-esteem
04 Discussed by: Aira Laoag
 Cultural milieu refers to the
There's another factor that strongly impacts setting and environment in
this perception, it's his cultural milieu.  which a person lives, including
social and cultural aspects of
life.
culture is defined as a social system that is
characterized by the shared meanings that are
attributed to people and events by It's
members. 

A significant aspect of culture that strongly They are forced t adhere to

influences adolescents who are in a face-to society's definition of beauty or
they'll be labeled as "pangit" or
face with their physical self is how their ugly in the local dialect.
culture conceptualizes beauty.
 NOBODY is UGLY.

In this age
of
In this age of plastic surgery, water-proof and
oil-proof makeup, hair color and highlights,
colored contact lenses and photoshop.  Merriam and
Webster defines
Beauty as the quality of being physically
attractive or the qualities in a person or a
In every culture and thing that gives pleasure to the senses or the
mind.
in every Individual
The standards of beauty varies a lot. It is said
that "beauty lies in the eye of the beholder"
put simply what one may consider beautiful
may not be for another.
 BUT THE BOTTOMLINE
IS!
Beauty
Is what social media dictates, what
fashion model looks like and how
his/her favorite celebrity dresses and
behaves.
So, how this adolescent compares
would be the basis of his/her body
image and self-esteem.
The Body
Image
Created by the adolescent which
includes perception and feelings
about oneself could either be positive
or negative.
This is based on how the adolescent
measures up to the cultural standards
of an ideal body image.
The Filipino Concept of
Beauty.
 Billboards and advertisements showcase filipino mestiza and mestizo artists who usually deceive
foreigners on how a majority of filipinos look like.
There is even a trend of seeing mixed filipinos as the default attractive standard as evidenced by the
filipinos bringing home beauty titles from international competitoons.

THIS EXTANT STANDARD OF BEAUTY HAS STRONG IMPLICATIONS ON HOW THE

FILIPINOS IN THE SOCIETY PERCEIVE BEAUTIES. 

"EUROCENTRISM."

Defined as a tendency to
interpret the world in terms
of european or anglo-
Filipinos with eurocentric features are american values and
seen everywhere in media. With their experiences.
fair skin and tall noses, they grace the
spotlight and sweep the filipinos with
flat noses and dark complexion under the
rug. 
 What about Four Columns?
The Tisoy and
Tisay
It is strongly promoted in
media today by casting actors
that do not physically
resemble the everyday
Filipino. 
Colorism
An aspect of Eurocentricm defined as "the prejudicial or
preferential treatment of same-race people based on the color of
the skin. 
So, a person who is morena or dark-skinned is usually advice to
use "pampaputi" or whitning products. Oftentimes, the hear
comments like "pumuti ka lang, gumanda ka na." Or "kung maputi
ka lang, ang ganda mo siguro."
Media
Is perpetuating the idea that the european standard of beauty is
the only thing that can deemed as beautiful. The Filipino culture
has been whitewashed so much that it is as if their heritage and
identities do not matter at all in the global schema.
Fair Skin
Although associated with cleanliness, being fair skinned
gives the impression of beauty, health and wealth. 
Furthermore, mixed Filipinos are seen as more desirable
because they are closer to looking caucasian which indicates
wealth and good breeding.
 The Importance of Visibility and
Representation in Mass Media.

The message
that the society
gives us 
Is that flat noses and dark They will be seen as lacking in
complexions do not define beauty. beauty simply because of the
This foreign standard strongly structure of noses and the color of the
impacts the filipino youth resulting in skin.
a fixed mindset that what they
physically are will not be enough Eurocentrism and colorism indeed
until they meet the western standards have significant effects on the body
of physical attractiveness.  image and identities of the common
filipino.
Beauty isn't about
having a pretty
face. it is about
having a pretty
mind, a pretty
heart and most
importantly, a
beautiful soul.
Self-Esteem and the
Ideal Body Image
Discussed by: Meri Salingay 05
Self esteem is an overall evaluation that a person has of
himself which can be positive or negative, high or low.
Self esteem is a measure of the person’s self-worth
based on some personal or social standard. 
 There are several factors that affect
a person's self-esteem: 

Perception of their physical self when they look in the mirror. 

Feelings of like or dislike about the physical self that they see.
Their thoughts and how they relate to their physical self.
Perception of how other people view them physically.
 A person with a positive body image will have a
high self esteem and will often spend more
time taking care of their appearance. But on
the other hand, when a person is not satisfied
with what he sees which affects on how he
perceives himself to others, then he will have
a negative body image and a very low self-
esteem. 
A person with low self-esteem may not
perceive himself as beautiful which may
lead to extreme negative behaviors in order
to meet the society’s concept of beauty
I
I which is wrong. 
I
 These negative behaviors may include:
extreme dieting and physical activity, use of laxatives,
plastic surgery or use of steroids to quickly build muscles
 The following are some aspects in culture that may have
led to the aforementioned misconceptions:

⬡ Society’s ideals of the perfect physical form which are: for women; white perfect skin,
small waistline, big breast and behind, long straight hair, long manicured nails, slender and
tall and for men; tall, tanned perfect skin, muscled physique with 6-pack abs. 
⬡ Images of perfection adolescents see in all types of media i.e. print, television, film and
internet. Mass media is a powerful tool that reinforces cultural beliefs and values. Though
young people may initially disagree with the set ideals of beauty, repeated exposure via
media lead them to believe in the misconceptions. 
⬡ Since a standard has been set by society and reinforced by media,
any characteristic that does not conform to the standard is labelled
as ugly. Body diversity in size and structure due to genetic
heritability is not tolerated. Being pretty and white skinned or
tanned and muscular had become associated with the intelligent,
successful, popular, healthy and the disciplined.
Opposite characteristics are associated with the dull, lazy, ugly and
the weak. 
These misconceptions strongly affect how the young form their body image
and its influence on their self-esteem. It is true that beauty is important. But
being beautiful still depends on how a person defines beauty and the
standards he sets to meet this definition. People are different and each one is
uniquely beautiful. Having a positive body image involves understanding that
healthy attractive bodies come in many shapes and sizes, and that physical
appearance says a little about a person’s character or his value as an
individual. 
THANK YOU!