Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• The entire theory is built on a single "force of life" he calls the actualizing
tendency. It can be defined as the built-in motivation present in every life-form
to develop its potentials to the fullest extent possible.
• We’re not just talking about survival: Rogers believes that all creatures strive
to make the very best of their existence. If they fail to do so, it is not for a lack
of desire.
• Rogers believed people are motivated by an innate tendency to actualize,
maintain,and enhance the self. This drive toward self-actualization is part of a
larger actualization tendency, which encompasses all physiological and
psychological needs. By attending to basic requirements—such as the needs for
food, water, and safety—the actualization tendency serves to maintain the
organism, providing for sustenance and survival.
Actualizing tendency,
• An interrelated and more pertinent assumption is the actualizing
tendency, or the tendency within all humans (and other animals and
plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials (Rogers,
1959, 1980). This tendency is the only motive people possess.
• Tendencies to maintain and to enhance the organism are subsumed
within the actualizing tendency. The need for maintenance is similar to
the lower steps on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
• Even though people have a strong desire to maintain the status quo,
they are willing to learn and to change. This need to become more, to
develop, and to achieve growth is called enhancement.
Actualizing tendencey
• Rogers believed that the actualizing tendency is part of human
nature.
• This belief is also reflected in another term he used: the organismic
valuing process.
• This term refers to the idea that the organism automatically evaluates
its experiences to tell whether they are enhancing actualization.
• If they aren’t, the organismic valuing process creates a nagging sense
that something isn’t right.
• According to Rogers, we are motivated by a single positive force: an
innate tendency to develop our constructive, healthy potentials. This
actualizing tendency includes both drive-reducing and drive-
increasing behavior.
• On the one hand, we seek to reduce the drives of hunger, thirst, sex,
and oxygen deprivation.
• Yet we also demonstrate such tension-increasing behavior as
curiosity, creativity, and the willingness to undergo painful learning
experiences in order to become more effective and independent:
organismic valuing process
• The governing process throughout the life span, as Rogers envisioned
it, is the organismic valuing process.
• Through this process, we evaluate all life experiences by how well
they serve the actualization tendency.
• Experiences that we perceive as promoting actualization are
evaluated as good and desirable; we assign them a positive value.
• Experiences perceived as hindering actualization are undesirable and,
thus, earn a negative value.
• These perceptions influence behavior because we prefer to avoid
undesirable experiences and repeat desirable experiences.
organismic valuing process
• Human organism generally provides the individual with trustworthy
messages and will naturally strive towards enhancing the self (Mearns
& Thorne, 1988)
• Children are often completely congruent with their organismic selves
• Child falls over = child feels pain = child begins to cry
The Organismic Valuing Process.