Nature, Functions,

Elements and Various

Models of
Communication
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The English term 'Communication' evolved

from Latin language.

“Communis” is a noun, which means

common, communality or sharing. Similarly,
“communicare” is a verb, which means 'make
something common'. 
 Communication is a
HUMAN ACTIVITY.

It is a deliberate or accidental
transfer of meaning
(Gamble & Gamble, 2012)
 Communication is a complex process.

Communication as a process is always ongoing

and changing
(Seiler, 1988/2008; Hybels and Weaver, 2009;
Wood, 2009)
 Communication
pertains to the manner
by which individuals
express and share
themselves to others
through the imparting
of ideas, thoughts,
information, feelings,
experiences, and
opinions.
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
 INFORMATIVE FUNCTION

• To inform other people of what we know

– facts, information, and knowledge.
 INSTRUCTIVE FUNCTION

• To instruct on what to do, when and

where to do them, and why and how to
do them.
 PERSUASIVE FUNCTION
• To influence the opinion of
others to believe and accept
your stand or claim on the issue
or a problem.
 MOTIVATION FUNCTION

• To act and reach their objectives or goals

in life.
 AESTHETIC FUNCTION

• For pleasure and enjoyment.

 REGULATION / CONTROL

• To maintain control and over other

people’s attitudes and behaviour.
 SOCIAL INTERACTION

• To start, maintain, regulate, or even end

relationships with other people.
ELEMENTS
of
COMMUNICATION
 Speaker
The source of information or message
 Message
The information, ideas or thoughts
conveyed by the speaker in words or in
actions
Listener
The recipient of the message
or someone who decodes the
message
Channels
The medium or means,
such as personal or non-
personal, verbal or nob-
verbal, in which the
encoded message is
conveyed.
 Feedback
The reactions, responses or
information provided by the
listener
Physica Physiologic Psychologi
al cal
l noise
noise
noise Any barrier to communication
 Physical noise
Actual noise such as loud music
or the irritating engine of a
motorcycle.
Physiological noise
When the body becomes a hindrance to
good communication.
 Psychological noise
When one deeply thinks about something or
is suffering from emotional condition.
 Communicative
Situation
The environment where communication
takes place.
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Models of
Communication
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Aristotle’s
Model of Communication
• Focused on the SPEAKER and MESSAGE.
* The most important part is SETTING – where the LISTENER
is situated.
• SETTING dictates the MESSAGE
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Shanon and Weaver
Model of Communication
• This model introduced the concept of NOISE.
* Due to the intervention of noise or anything that hampers
communication, MESSAGE sent by the SOURCE (Speaker)
isn’t necessarily the message received by the
DESTINATION (Listener).
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Schramm’s
Model of Communication
This model emphasizes that communication can take place if
and only if there is an overlap between the
FIELD OF EXPERIENCE OF THE SPEAKER and FIELD OF
EXPERIENCE OF THE LISTENER
* FIELD OF EXPERIENCE : used to interpret the message and
create a RESPONSE.
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Transaction
Model of Communication
This model is a two-way process with the inclusion
of feedback as one element.
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David Berlo’s Model
of Communication
This model has four major parts : source (S),
message (M), channel (C) and receiver (R). It is
conceived as a linear model.
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Eugene White
Model of Communication
This model is circular and continuous, without
beginning or end.
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Helical
Model of Communication
This model presents the concept of time where
continuousness of communication progresses as an
individual gets older.