HOW THE IOT CONNECT

DEVICES
LESSON OBJECTIVES

• What is IOT, digital footprint and the IoT devices .

• The features of the main technologies used to connect IoT devices to the internet (mobile
technology, such as 4G, and wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, Radio Frequency
Identification, Near-Field Communication and Bluetooth).
IOT DEVICES

• Internet of Things (IoT) devices are physical instruments like sensors, actuators, or machines that are
programmable based on the end applications.
• They can include even software and computing devices that can transmit or receive data over the
internet.
• They are easily embedded into other machinery or mobile gadgets. IoT devices generally use Artificial
intelligence (AI) or Machine learning (ML) to automate the systems without any human intervention.
• An IoT device is usually a sensor that collects data from its environment and communicates the same to
another device or a processing software over the internet. The device is programmed to collect and send
such data when it was manufactured.
• An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems,
such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data
they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by
connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud
to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other
related devices and act on the information they get from one another.
• The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled
devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed.
IOT CONNECTIVITY
HOW IOT WORKS?
Collect Communicate Analyze Act / Respond

• Devices and • Sending data • Creating • Take action or

sensors are information respond back
through networks
collecting to some destination from the data based on the
data • Visualizing gathered
• Cloud platform,
everywhere. the data, information
• At your private data center, and data.
building
home network
home, office, reports
car
IOT TECHNOLOGIES

• There are two choices to connect IoT devices to the Internet: wired and wireless. The
decision on which of these connectivity schemes must be selected depends mostly on the
IoT application.
• In general, there are IoT applications that prefer to use wireless connectivity schemes and
there are other ones that wired solutions would be a better choice for them.
WIRED IOT

• Ethernet
• Local Area Network (LAN) technology which provides a wired connectivity scheme to connect many IoT
devices together using an Ethernet switch. Connecting the Ethernet switch to an Internet Protocol (IP) router can
give IP connectivity to all those IoT devices. Ethernet can provide IoT connectivity for stationary or fixed IoT
devices.

• Power Line Communications (PLC)

• With the advancement in digital signal processors which enable the use of sophisticated modulation techniques, it
is completely possible for the IoT devices to utilize power line for data transmission. This opens up opportunities
for the use of PLC technology as a wired medium for networking applications which minimizes the cost to
deploy infrastructure for wired connectivity. PLC can be categorized into narrow band and broadband
technologies.
WIRELESS IOT TECHNOLOGIES

Mobile technology

WIRELESS

Wireless technology
MOBILE TECHNOLOGY

• It is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells,

each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known
as a cell site or base station.
• 5G is the fifth generation of cellular wireless technology. Like
4G, it uses frequencies that are part of the radio spectrum, but
5G uses very high frequencies that offer more bandwidth. This
means more data delivered at higher speeds to more devices. 
• 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global
wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G
enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect
virtually everyone and everything together including
machines, objects, and devices.
• Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new
user experiences and connects new industries.
• 100–300 Mbps
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
WIFI
• Uses radio waves to transmit data at high
speeds over short distances.
• Wi-Fi is often used in local area networks
(LANs), computer networks that link
computers and devices over small
geographic areas.
• WIFI is used in most buildings to deliver
internet access to people.
• Range 90 metres
RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification)
• a wireless system comprised of
two components: tags and
readers. The reader is a device
that has one or more antennas
that emit radio waves and
receive signals back from the
RFID tag.
• Range : 10 – 300 feet
• Use : Tagging in supermarket,
toll payment
BLUETOOTH NFC (Near-field
Communication)
• uses a radio frequency to • short-range wireless
share data over a short technology that allows your
phone to act as a transit pass
distance, eliminating the
need for wires. or credit card, quickly transfer
data, or instantly pair with
• You can use Bluetooth on
Bluetooth devices like
your mobile device to
share documents or to headphones and speakers.
• Most smartphones these days
connect with other
are equipped with Near Field
Bluetooth-enabled
Communication technology
devices.
• Range : 10 – 100metres • Range : 4-5 cm
• Use : Mobile payment such as
• Use : wireless headsets
for hands-free cell phone TNG e-wallet
use, keyboards, mice,
videogame controllers,
audio speakers
RFID NFC
WIFI BLUE TOOTH
THANK YOU