Role of

Physiology
in insects
flight
BY:
ARBAZ KHAN
MUJEEB UR REHMAN
Why do insects fly?

 For food

 For reproduction
Why do insects fly? Continue…

 For polination and survival

 Flight mechanism in Insects

Insect flight involves the mobilization,

transport, and utilization of endogenous
energy reserves at extremely high rates.
 Historical background

The different phylum of the animal kingdom are as follows:

Porifera

Coelenterata (Cnidaria)

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

Annelida

Arthropoda

Mollusca

Echinodermata

Hemichordata

Chordata
 Role of Muscles in insect flight

median
dorsal
longitud
inal
muscle INDRICET
MUSCLES
Tergo
sternal
muscl
e
DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES

Flexor muscle

Anterior extension muscles

Posterior extension muscles

Wings move in 8 driction:
 Role of Nerves system

 Two types of Rhythmicity

1:Synchronous Rhythm
1 impulse 1 time wing movement

2 :Asynchronous Rhythm
1 impulse 15-20 time wing movement
 Hormones involve in flight

Ecdysone Dopamine octopamine,

Role of ecdysone continue…

Pre-Molt Stage Molt Stage Post Molt Stage

Low ecdysone levels. Increase in ecdysone Higher ecdysone

levels leads to soft levels modulate wing
exoskeleton and new muscle contraction
wing muscles. and relaxation
leading to steady and
coordinated flight.
 Strokes in insects

wing
Upward
move
stroke
upward

wing
Downwar
move
d stroke downward
Stroke continue…

Forward stroke
Role of Neuropeptides

role in modulating
the flight motor
system, resulting in
the activation or
inhibition of wing
muscles.
The Role of Juvenile Hormone in Insect Flight

•High levels of
Juvenile Hormone
stimulate the
development of flight
muscles and related
organs.