Maryhill College

College of Nursing Lucena City

(ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- laboratory- 1)

Name: Bryan L. Lecaros Score:

Year: BSN 1-B Date: November 19, 2021

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY
INSTRUCTION: Use the table as your GUIDE

BODY ORGAN (ATLEAST 5 LOCATION IMAG FUNCTION

SYSTEM ORGANS) E OF /PHYSIOLO
THE GY
SYSTE
M
INTEGUME  HAIR  Hair is Hair serves
NTARY  SKIN superior as
SYSTEM  NAILS to the mechanical
 EXOCRINE fingernails protection
GLANDS . for the skin,
 MUCOCUTANEOUS  The skin is increases
JUNCTIONS located in sensory
external function, and
part of the aids in
human regulating
anatomy body
 Nails are temperature.
inferior to
the hair The function
of skin is to
 Exocrine protect
gland is in against
the microorganis
 internal ms,
part of the dehydration,
integume ultraviolet
ntary light, and
system mechanical
damage
 Mucocuta
neous The exocrine
junctions glands of the
is located integumenta
in the ry system
internal produce swe
part of the at, oil, and
integume wax to cool,
ntary protect, and
system moisturize
the skin's
surface.

Mucocutane
ous
junctions
these are
regions of
the body
where there
is a transition
from mucosa
to skin. At
such regions,
epithelium
transitions to
epidermis,
lamina
propria
changes to
dermis and
 smooth
muscle
becomes skel
etal system

SKELETAL  STERNUM  Sternum Sternum

SYSTEM  TENDONS is located protects the
 SACRUM in the organs of
 PELVIC medial of torso from
 JOINTS the chest injury and
 Tendons also serves
located at as a
each end connection
of muscles point for
 Sacrum is other bones
inferior to and muscles
lumber
spine
 Pelvic is Tendon
inferior to serves to
abdomen move the
al bone or
 Joints are structure
deep in
the
muscles The sacrum
forms the
posterior
pelvic
wall and
strengthens
and stabilizes
the pelvis

Pelvic serve
as a
transition
 from the
axial
skeleton and
the
appendicular
skeleton of
the lower
body

Joints
provide
stability to
the skeleton,
and allow
movement
MUSCULAR  SKELETAL MUSCLES  Skeletal Skeletal
SYSTEM  SMOOTH MUSCLES muscle is muscles
 CARDIAC MUSCLES found maintain
 DELTOID between posture,
 PECTORALIS bones stabilize
MAJOR  Smooth bones and
muscle joints,
fibers are control
located in internal
walls of movement,
hollow and generate
visceral heat
organs
(such as Smooth
the liver, muscle is
pancreas, present
and throughout
intestines) the body,
 Cardiac where it
muscle serves a
cells are variety of
located in functions. It
 the walls is in the
of the stomach and
heart, intestines,
appear where it
striped helps with
(striated), digestion
and are and nutrient
under collection. It
involuntar exists
y control throughout
 Deltoid is the urinary
inferior to system,
cervical where it
 Pectoralis functions to
major help rid the
extends body of
across the toxins and
upper works in
part of the electrolyte
chest balance

Cardiac
muscle
rapid,
involuntary
contraction
and
relaxation of
the cardiac
muscle are
vital for
pumping
blood
throughout
the
cardiovascul
ar system
 Deltoid in
humans is
preventing
the
dislocation of
the humeral
head when a
person
carries heavy
loads

Pectoralis
major acts as
a strong
adductor and
internal
rotator of
the humerus
at the
shoulder
joint.

NERVOUS  NERVES  Ganglia Nerves

SYSTEM  GANGLIA can be receives and
 SPINAL CORD found sends
 BRAIN both in messages
 MEDULLA head and between the
OBLONGATA neck (and body and the
they are brain
part of the
cranial Ganglia carry
nerves) nerve signals
 and in the to and from
trunk, the central
close to nervous
the system
thoracic
and
abdominal
/pelvic
Spinal
organs.
cord
 Spinal Serves as the
cord is pathway for
inferior to messages
the brain sent by the
 The brain brain to the
is superior body and
to the from the
heart body to the
 Medulla brain
oblongata
is located
Brain contro
at the
ls our
base of
thoughts,
the brain,
memory and
where the
speech,
brain
movement
stem
of the arms
connects
and legs, and
the brain
the function
to spinal
of many
cord.
organs
 Nerve is within our
safely body.
contained
within the
skull and Medulla
vertebral oblongata
canal of plays an
essential role
 the spine in passing
messages
between
your spinal
cord and
brain. It's
also essential
for
regulating
your
cardiovascul
ar and
respiratory
systems.

ENDOCRINE  PINEAL GLAND  The pineal Pineal gland

SYSTEM  PITUITARY GLAND body is produces the
 THYROID GLAND located hormone
melatonin,
 PANCREAS below the which helps
 HYPOTHALAMUS corpus the body
callosum, know when
in the it's time to
middle of sleep
 the brain.
 The The
pituitary hypothalam
gland is us secretes
located at hormones
the base that
of the stimulate or
brain. suppress the
 Thyroid release of
gland is hormones in
located the pituitary
at the gland, in
base of addition to
the neck controlling
 Pancreas water
is deep in balance,
the sleep,
abdomen temperature,
 The appetite, and
hypothala blood
mus is pressure
inferior to
the brain The pituitary
gland is
referred to
as the
“master
gland”
because it
monitors and
regulates
many bodily
functions
through the
hormones
that it
produces,
including:
Growth and
sexual/repro
ductive
development
and function

Thyroid
gland
regulate
many body
functions by
constantly
releasing a
steady
amount of
thyroid
hormones
into the
bloodstream

Pancreas is
an exocrine
gland as it
has a duct to
store
pancreatic
juice
secreted by
the pancreas
and use it
whenever
required. It is
considered
as a
endocrine
gland as it
 does not
have a duct
to store the
hormones
insulin and
glucagon
which are
directly
supplied to
the blood
stream

CARDIOVAS  HEART  Heart is Heart pumps

-CULAR  BLOOD VESSELS inferior to blood
SYSTEM  VEINS the brain throughout
 ARTERIES  Blood your body,
 CAPILLARIES vessels controls your
are found heart rate
throughou and
t the body maintains
 Veins are blood
located pressure.
throughou
t the body The function
of blood
 Arteries vessels is to
 are found deliver blood
in all parts to the organs
of the and tissues
body, in the body.
except in The blood
the hairs, supplies
nails, them with
epidermis, the oxygen
cartilages, and nutrients
and they need to
cornea function.
 Capillary Blood vessels
is an also carry
extremely waste
small products and
blood carbon
vessel dioxide away
located from organs
within the and tissues
tissues of
the body Veins carry
blood
toward the
heart. After
blood passes
through the
capillaries, it
enters the
smallest
veins, called
venules

Arteries
carry blood
away from
the heart.
 The function
of capillaries
is the
exchange of
substances
between the
blood and
interstitial
fluid

LYMPHATIC  LYMPH NODES  Lymph Lymph

SYSTEM  LYMPH nodes are nodes filter
 SPLEEN located substances
 TONSILS throughou that travel
 MUCOUS t the through the
MEMBRANES body, lymphatic
including fluid, and
the neck, they contain
armpits, lymphocytes
groin, (white blood
around cells) that
the gut, help the
and body fight
between infection and
 the lungs disease
 Lymph or
lymphatic Lymph is a
capillaries colourless
are tiny fluid that
thin- circulates
walled throughout
vessels, the
closed at lymphatic
one end system. The
and main role of
located in the
the spaces lymphatic
between system is to
cells act as a filter
throughou against
t the microbes,
body, organic
except in wastes,
the toxins and
central other debris.
nervous It carries
system lymphocytes
and non- throughout
vascular the body
tissues that fight
against
infections
 The
spleen is The spleen
an organ stores and
in the filters blood
upper far and makes
left part white blood
of the cells that
abdomen, protect the
to the left body from
 of the infection.
stomach Many
 Tonsils is diseases and
posterior conditions
to the can affect
throat how the
 Mucous spleen works
membran
es line Tonsils stop
many germs
tracts and entering the
structures body
of the through the
body, mouth or the
including nose. The
the tonsils also
mouth, contain a lot
nose, of white
eyelids, blood cells,
trachea which are
(windpipe responsible
) and for killing
lungs, germs
stomach
and The major
intestines, functions of
and the the mucous
ureters, membranes
urethra, are the
and protection of
urinary the body
bladde from
external
pathogens
and the
production
of the mucus
 to keep the
membrane
adequately
Moisturized
RESPIRATO  NASAL Nasal The nasal
RY SYSTEM CAVITY cavity cavity
 PHARYNX is functions to
 LARYNX superio allow air to
 TRACHEA r to the enter the
 LUNGS pharyn respiratory
x system upon
respiration
Pharyn
x is The function
superio of the
r to pharynx is to
trache transfer food
a from the
mouth to the
Larynx oesophagus
is and to warm,
located moisten and
in the filter air
anterio before it
r moves into
throat the trachea
and
extend The larynx or
s from voice box
the serves to
base of permit
the speech and
tongue allow air to
to the pass into the
trache lungs while
a blocking
food and
 Trachea sits drink from
in the lower entering
neck and upper
chest, below Trachea's
your larynx. It is main
behind the function is to
notch at your carry air in
lower throat, and out of
between the the lungs
inside edges of
the collarbones
The main
Lungs are function of
posterior to the lungs is
heart the process
of gas
exchange
called
respiration
(or
breathing)

DIGESTIVE  STOMACH Stomach is The function

SYSTEM  ESOPHAGUS inferior to of stomach is
 SMALL esophagus to receives
INTESTINE food from
 LARGE Esophagus is the
INTESTINE superior to esophagus.
 RECTUM stomach As food
reaches the
Small intestine end of the
is superior to esophagus, it
oral cavity enters the
Large intestine stomach
is located under through a
the spleen muscular
 valve called
The rectum is the lower
inferior to esophageal
stomach sphincter

The
esophagus
receives food
from your
mouth when
you swallow

Small
intestine
helps to
further
digest food
coming from
the stomach.
It absorbs
nutrients
(vitamins,
minerals,
carbohydrate
s, fats,
proteins) and
water from
food so they
can be used
by the body

Large
intestine
absorbs
water and
electrolytes,
producing
and
absorbing
vitamins, and
forming and
propelling
feces toward
the rectum
for
elimination

Rectum the
lower end of
the large
intestine, the
rectum,
stores stool
until it
pushes stool
out of the
anus during a
bowel
movement.
URINARY  KIDNEYS  The Kidneys filter
SYSTEM  URETER kidneys wastes and
 URINARY BLADDER can be excess fluids
 URETHRA found from blood,
underneat which are
h the then
ribcage, excreted in
on each urine
side of the
spine The ureters
 Ureter is carry the
superior urine away
to urinary from kidneys
bladder to the
 Urinary urinary
bladder is bladder,
inferior to which is a
kidney temporary
 The reservoir for
urethra is the urine
inferior to
ureter The function
of the
urinary
bladder is to
serve as a
reservoir for
urine before
it leaves the
body and
drain urine
from the
renal pelvis
and also
serve as a
reservoir for
urine before
 it leaves the
body.

The urethra
is a tubular
structure
that carries
the urine
from the
urinary
bladder to
the outside
MALE & MALE MALE MALE
FEMALE  SEMINAL REPRODUCTIVE REPRODUCTI
REPRODUC VESICLES SYSTEM VE SYSTEM
TIV SYSTEM  PROSTRATE
GLAND The seminal
 TESTES The seminal vesicles
 SCROTUM vesicles are make a
 PENIS located in the sugar-rich
FEMALE pelvis superior fluid
 MAMMA to the rectum, (fructose)
RY inferior to the that provides
GLANDS fundus of the sperm with a
 UTERINE bladder and source of
TUBE posterior to the energy and
 OVARY prostate helps with
 UTERUS the sperms'
The prostate is ability to
 VAGINA
located just move
below the (motility)
bladder and in
front of the The
rectum prostate's
primary
The testes is function is to
located deep of produce the
the scrotum fluid that
nourishes
The scrotum is and
inferior to penis transports
sperm
The penis is (seminal
superior to the fluid)
scrotum
The testes
FEMALE are
REPRODUCTIVE responsible
SYSTEM for making
testosterone,
Mammary the primary
glands, is male sex
located deep of hormone,
the breast and for
producing
The uterine sperm
tubes are
uterine Scrotum the
appendages bag of skin
located that holds
bilaterally at the and helps to
superior portion protect the
of the uterine testicles
cavity
Penis the
Ovary is located organ used
on either side of for urination
the uterus and sexual
within the broad intercourse
ligament below
the uterine FEMALE
(fallopian) tubes REPRODUCTI
VE SYSTEM
The uterus is
located within The
the pelvic region mammary
immediately gland is a
behind and highly
almost overlying evolved and
the bladder, and specialized
in front of the organ
sigmoid colon present in
pairs, one on
Vagina is each side of
located in the anterior
anterior of the chest wall.
rectum and The organ's
prosterior to the primary
bladder function is to
secrete milk.

Uterine tube
or Fallopian
tube these
are narrow
tubes that
are attached
to the upper
part of the
uterus and
serve as
pathways for
the ova (egg
cells) to
travel from
the ovaries
to the
uterus.

The function
of the ovary
is to
generate and
release
female
gametes,
that is, the
eggs that
combine
with sperm
to create a
fetus.
Ovaries also
release many
vital
hormones.
The ovaries
release at
least one egg
each month
for possible
fertilization

The main
function of
the uterus
is to nourish
the
developing
fetus prior to
birth

The vagina
serves three
purposes: It's
where the
penis is
inserted
during sexual
intercourse.
It's the
pathway (the
birth canal)
through
which a baby
leaves a
woman's
body during
childbirth.
It's the route
through
which
menstrual
blood leaves
the body
during
periods.