Caliphate of Hazrat Usman

[r.a]
Personality and services
 Hazrat Usman: His life before becoming a
caliph and his character
• Hazrat Usman belonged to Banu Ummayya family of the Quraish.
• His father’s name was Affan.
• He was born in Makkah in the 6th year of the Elephant.
• His mother’s name was Arwah.
• His ancestry coincided with the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in fifth generation on
Abd Munaf.
• In the ignorance Period, his by-name was Abu Amr.
• After embracing Islam, his by-name was Abu Abdullah
Personality
• Hazrat Usman’s father was one of the richest men in Makkah.
• Hazrat Usman was educated and loved learning.
• He lived a chaste life, even during the Jahiliya Period, and never
drank, gambled or
worshipped idols.
• When he accepted Islam at the hands of Hazrat Abu Bakr, his family
started torturing
him.
• Hazrat Usman was one of the first Arabs to accept Islam.
Personality
• • Muhammad (PBUH) gave Hazrat Usman his second daughter, Hazrat Ruqayya, in
marriage.
• Hazrat Usman migrated to Abbysinia with his wife, where he flourished as a
trader.
• He returned to Makka when a rumor spread among the emigrants that the
Quraish had
accepted Islam.
• Instead of returning to Abbysinia, he stayed back at Makkah with the Prophet
(PBUH).
• Here, he spent freely in the way of Allah and liberated quite a few Muslim
slaves.
• Migrated to Madina where Hazrat Aus bin Sabit was his host.
 Personality
• After the Battle of Badr, Hazrat Ruqayya fell ill and passed away.
• Muhammad (PBUH) gave his third daughter, Hazrat Kulsum, in marriage to
Hazrat Usman.
• Thus, Hazrat Usman is known as Zun-Nurain, or “the possessor of two lights”.
• Barely 6 years after her marriage, Hazrat Kulsum also fell ill and died.
• In Madina, Hazrat Usman worked hard as a trader and became one of the
richest men of the city.
• He used to spend freely in the way of Allah, and earned the title of Ghani.
• Took part in all important battles, except Badr, when he was nursing his dying
wife, Hazrat Ruqayya.
• Second person after Hazrat Umar to offer allegiance to Hazrat Abu Bakr as the
first caliph.
Main attributes of his personality:
• • Eloquence and dignity, forgiveness even when able to wreak
vengeance, generosity, modesty and nobility; sincerity in friendship
and giving advice, kindness and compassion to all people, zeal for his
faith, fear of the Lord and his devotion in Allah’s worship
CALIPHATE OF HAZRAT
USMAN [R.A]
Selection, Services, challenges, strategies, revolts, allegations,
martyrdom
Election as a caliph
o Hazrat Umar told the following people to choose the next caliph from
among themselves
o Hazrat usman [r.a]
o Hzarat Ali [r.a]
o Hazrat Zubair bin al Awwam [r.a]
o Hazrat Talha [r.a]
o Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas [r.a]
o Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Auf [r.a]

Hazrat usman [r.a] was selected as caliph on 4th of Muharram 34 A.H

Conquests of Byzantine and Persia
• Most foreign rulers thought that it would be easy to wrest control of
territories from the kind-hearted Hazrat Usman.
• There were several serious uprisings in Persia in the East and
Byzantine in the West.
• Within the 1st year of his caliphate, he swiftly crushed these
rebellions.
• During his reign, the whole of North Africa was conquered, including
the present countries of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
• The island of Cyprus was also captured.
• Thus, by Hazrat Usman’s reign, the Muslim Empire stretched from
Morocco to Kabul
Causes of Revolts
• Various tribes
• Jewish tribes
• Abdullah bin Saba
• Tribal rivalry
• leniency
Charges against Hazrat Usman
• He was alleged to have appointed his relatives as governors
• Leniency
• Burning the old copies of the Holy Quran
Administration
• Sharp eye on administrative machinery
• Same executive administration as his predecessor
• His governors
• Provinces and districts
• Council
• New provinces
• Public dealing
• Armed forces
• Revenue and services
Martyrdom
• Insurgents and their demands
• Hazrat Usman’s address
• Attack
• Martyrdom
• 17th Dhul-Hajj 35 A.H