LINKING WORDS

1. Showing Cause and Effect (Because,

Therefore, Because of, Due to)
 Example 1:
a. Tom didn’t study last night. (Cause)
b. He failed the test. (Effect)
--------> Tom failed the test because he didn’t study
last night.
--------> Tom didn’t study last night. Therefore, he
failed the test.
 Example 2:
a. The weather was so cold. (Cause)
b. We stayed at home. (Effect)
-------> We stayed at home because the weather
was so cold.
-----> Because of the cold weather, we stayed at
home.
----> Due to the cold weather, we stayed at home.
Task 1: Combine the two sentences
using the conjuction given!
1. Shifa’s eyes were red. She had been
swimming in a chlorinated pool. (Because
of)
2. The traffic was so heavy. We were late to the
meeting. (Therefore)
3. We postponed our trip. The driving
conditions were bad. (Because of)
4. I couldn’t sleep well last night. It was very
noisy in my next neighbourhood. (Due to)
2. Showing Contrast (Although, However,
Despite, In Spite of, Nevertheless)
 Example 1:
a. The weather was so cold. We went
swimming

-----> Although the weather was so cold, we

went swimming.
-----> I went swimming despite the cold weather.
-----> In spite of the cold weather, we went
swimming.
----> The weather was so cold, however, we
went swimming.
-----> The weather was so cold.
Nevertheless, we went swimming.
Task 2: Combine the two sentences
using the conjunction given!
1. Bob is still hungry. He ate a large dinner.
(Nevertheless)
2. My hands still looked dirty. I have washed
them. (Despite)
3. Diana didn’t know how to swim. She jumped
into the swimming pool. (However)
4. Sarah was admitted to the university. Her
grades were low. (Despite and In spite of)
A. Showing Cause and Effect/Reason
 Because
 Since
 Now that
 So (that)
 Therefore
 Consequently
 For
 Due to
 Because of
B. Showing Contrast
 Even though
 Although
 Though
 Whereas
 While
 However
 Nevertheless
 Nonetheless
 On the other hand
 Yet
 Despite
 In spite of
C. Showing Condition
 If
 Unless
 Only if
 Whether or not
 In case
 In the event that
 Otherwise
 Or
D. Showing Addition
 Also
 Moreover
 As well as
 Furthermore
 In addition
 Both ......and ...
 Not only .... but also ......
 Either .... or ....
 Neither ..... nor ....
Task 3
A. Make your own summary about Linking
Words showing:
1. Contrast

2. Cause and Effect/Reason

3. Addition

4. Condition

B. Give 7 linking words for each

Do These Exercise ….
 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/lin
king-words-contrast-exercise-1.html
 https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/gra
mmar-exercise-although.php