LEGAL AND ETHICAL

ISSUES IN MEDIA AND

INFORMATION
ANALYN VILLARTA AGUILAR
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
• Sources Not Cited
1. The Ghost Writer -The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
2. The Photocopy- The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source,
without alteration.
3. The Potluck Paper- The writer copies from different sources and alters the sentences to make
them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing.
4. The Poor Disguise- The writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing
keywords and phrases.
5. The Labor of Laziness - The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other
sources and make it all fit together.
6. The Self-Stealer- The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work.
➢ Sources Not Cited (But still plagiarized)
• 1. The Forgotten Footnote - The writer mentions an author’s name for a source,
but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material
referenced.
• 2. The Misinformer - The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the
sources, making it impossible to find them.
• 3. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase - The writer properly cites a source but neglects to
put in quotation marks on a text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to
it.
• 4. The Resourceful Citer-The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing, and
using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original
work!
• 5. The Perfect Crime- The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some
places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without
citation.
 FAIR USE
• Fair use means you can use copyrighted materials without a
license only for certain purposes. These include:
• 1. Commentary
• 2. Criticism
• 3. Reporting
• 4. Research
• 5. Teaching
 GUIDELINES FOR FAIR USE

• A Majority of the content you create must be your own.

• Give credit to the copyright holder
• Don’t make money off of the copyrighted work
 RESPONSIBLE DIGITAL
CITIZENSHIP
• Digital citizenship refers to having the appropriate knowledge and
skills to effectively use digital technologies to communicate with
others, participate in society, and create and consume digital
content.
• Responsible digital citizenship is essential, especially now in the
face of a technology-saturated world, to helping media and
information consumers achieve and understand digital literacy, as
well as ensuring cyberbully prevention, online safety, digital
responsibility, and digital health & wellness.
RULES ADAPTED FROM VIRGINIA SHEA’S THE CORE RULES OF
NETIQUETTE.
Rule 1: Remember the human
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule 4: Respect other people’s time and bandwidth
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 8: Respect other people’s privacy
Rule 9: Don’t abuse your power
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
ACTIVITIES