MEDIA AND

INFORMATION LITERACY

PRESENTED by:
Ms. Julienne L. Olaybar
Instructor
 Table of Contents

01 02 03
INTRODUCTION to THE EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION
MIL TRADITIONAL TO LITERACY
NEW MEDIA

04 05 06 07
TYPES OF MEDIA MEDIA AND MEDIA AND LEGAL, ETHICAL AND
INFORMATION INFORMATION SOCIETAL ISUES IN
SOURCES LANGUAGES MEDIA
 01
INTRODUCTION TO MIL
Media and information will enable us to access,
understand and create communications in a variety of
contexts in the form of accessing, understanding and
creating media and information.

UNDERSTANDING MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Viewers ability to read,

deconstruct and evaluate media
contexts and motivations.
 Basic Concepts
1. Media construct our culture Our society and culture- even our perception of reality. - is
shaped by the information and images we receive via the media.

2. Media messages affect our thoughts, attitudes and actions-

We don’t like to admit it, but all of us are affected by advertising, news, movies, pop, music,
video games and other media.

3. Media use ‘’ the language of persuasion -

All media messages try to persuade us to believe or do something.

4. Media construct fantasy worlds -

While Fantasy Can Be Pleasurable and Entertaining, it can be harmful movie, tv shows and
music videos sometimes inspire people to do things unwise, anti-social or even dangerous.

5. No one tells the story

Every media has a point of view. Every good story highlights some information and leaves out the
rest.
 Basic Concepts
6. Media messages contain ‘’ texts’’ and sub contexts’’-
The text is the actual words, pictures and/ or sounds in a media message.

7. Media messages reflect the values and viewpoints of media makers-

Everyone has a point of view. Our values and viewpoints influence our choice of words, sounds
and images we use to communicate through media.

8. Individuals construct their own meanings from media -

Media makers attempt to convey specific messages, people receive and interpret the differently.

9. Media messages can be decoded -By ‘’deconstructing’’ media, we can figure out who
created the message, and why

10. Media literate youth and adults are active consumers of media Many forms of media-like
television- seek to relate pass, impulse consumers.
 QUESTION for CHAPTER 1
• WHAT IS INFORMATION LITERACY?
• WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY LITERACY?
 02
THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL
TO NEW MEDIA
 PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (BEFORE 1700’s)- People discovered fire,
developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone,
bronze,
 INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700-1930)
People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established
iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including
books through the printing press).
 ELECTRONIC AGE (1930-1980’s)
The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of
transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this
age, long distance communication became more efficient.
INFORMATION AGE (1900’s- 2000’s) The internet paved the way for faster
communication and the creation of the social network.
 CHAPTER 3:
INFORMATION
LITERACY
 COPYRIGHT - Refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual
property. In simpler terms, copyright is the right to copy.

✓ ETHICS- moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the

conducting of an activity.

INFORMATION LITERACY
an understanding and set of abilities enabling individuals to recognize when
information is needed and have the capacity to locate evaluate, and us effectively
the needed information. Forms the basis for lifelong learning.
 ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION

1. You need to show to the reader which part of the text is your own thinking
and when you are quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s idea.

2. Clear citations and references give reliability and credibility to a publication

3. References also convey the COPYRIGHT relationship.

4. Ask your thesis supervisor which style you should use in your thesis as there
are many different styles. (e.g. APA, Chicago, etc)

5. It is important to be consistent in the style of marking references and citations

throughout your text.
 PLAGIARISM-
a serious academic and legal offense. Some students plagiarize because they
don’t know when or how to cite their sources properly.
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED
1. “The Ghost Writer”
➢ The writer turns in another’s work, word-per-word, as his or her own.

2. “The Photocopy”
➢ The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration.

3. “The Potluck Paper”

➢ The writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together
while retaining most of the original phrasing.

4. “The Poor Disguise”

➢ The writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.

5. “The Labor of Laziness”

➢ The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit
together.
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED
6. “The Self-Stealer”
➢ The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED
1. “The Forgotten Footnote”
➢ The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of
the material referenced.

2. “The Misinformer”
➢ The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.

3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase”

➢ The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has been copied word- per-
word, or close to it.

4. “The Resourceful Citer”

➢ The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper
contains almost no original work!

5. “The Perfect Crime”

➢ The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from
those sources without citation.
QUESTION:

WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS,

AND MUSIC?
Can you cite images, videos and
music?
 CHAPTER 04:
TYPES OF MEDIA
● PHYSICAL MEDIA -Person who is talking can be seen and heard by the audience
and not only hear the messages but also see body language and feel the climate.

EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL MEDIA

 LARGE GROUP
 DEPARTMENT MEETING
 UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
 VIRAL COMMUNICATION
 EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL MEDIA
● EMAIL
● WEEKLY LETTERS
● BILLBOARDS
● MAGAZINE
● SOCIAL MEDIA

EXAMPLES OF BROADCAST MEDIA

● BRODCASTING MEDIA
● PRINT MEDIA
● NEW MEDIA CONVERGENCE
MASS MEDIA AND MEDIA EFFECTS
● Third – party Theory-People think they are more immune to media
influence than others.
● Reciprocal Effect- When a person or event gets media attention, it
influences the way the person acts or the way the event functions.
-Media coverage often increases self-consciousness, which affects our
actions.
● Boomerang Effect- Refers to media-persuade change that is counter to
the desired change. For example, if an anti-litter sign is too forceful and
says "You must dispose of trash" people are more likely to litter than if
they saw a more discreet message that says "Please dispose of trash."
● Cultivation Theory(George Gerbner)- states that media exposure,
specifically to television, shapes our social reality by giving us a distorted
view on the amount of violence and risk in the world.
Propaganda Model of Media Control(Herman & Chomsky)
- the model tries to understand how the population is manipulated,
and how the social, economic, political attitudes are fashioned in
the minds of people through propaganda.
• ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that
are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a
government, etc.
Agenda-setting Theory(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)
- public reacts not to actual events but to the pictures in our head,
created by media.
 CHAPTER 05:
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION SOURCES
DIFFERENT INFORMATION RESOURCES
• 4 MAJOR TYPES OF LIBRARIES
• 1. Academic Library- serves colleges and universities.
• 2. Public Libraries- serves cities and towns of all types.
• 3. School Library- serves students from kindergarten to grade12.
• 4. Special Library- are in specialized environments, such as hospital, corporations, museums,
the military, private buss. And the government.

• INDIGENOUS MEDIA- native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular

region/locality.

• INTERNET- a global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.
TOP- LEVEL DOMAIN in URL
• .ph- .philippines
• .com- .commercial
• .biz- .business
• .om- .oman
• .org- .organization
• .info- .information
• .ca- .california
• .edu- .education
• .uk- .united kingdom
• .gov- .government
• .au- .australia
• .int- .international
• .sg- .singapore
• .mil- .military
 Question:
HOW CAN YOU IDENTIFY A FAKE NEWS?
Give example of a fake news.
 CHAPTER 06:
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES
TECHNICAL CODE
-CAMERA TECHNIQUES, FRAMING, DEPT OF FIELD,
LIGHTING EXPOSURE.
SYMBOLIC CODE
-OBJECTS, SETTING, BODY LANGUAGE, CLOTHING
AND COLOR
WRITTEN CODE
-HEADLINES, CAPTIONS, SPEECH BUBBLES,
LANGUAGE STYLE.
 THE LANGUAGES OF TV AND & FILM
• Camera
• Lights
• Sound
• Editing
• Setting
• Costume
• Actor Expression
• Media Examples
 CHAPTER 07:

LEGAL, ETHICAL AND

SOCIETAL ISSSUES IN
MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY
  TERMINOLOGIES:
COMPULSION- the action or state of forcing or being forced to
do something; constraint.
✓ DIGITAL- showing the time by means of displayed digits
rather than hands or a pointer.
✓ HARASS- subject to aggressive pressure or intimidation
✓ DEFAMATION- the action of damaging the good reputation of
someone; slander or libel.
Internet Etiquette -10 Rules of Netiquette
1. WHEN TYPING NEVER WRITE IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
2. DON’T PLAGIARIZE
3. USE PROPER QUOTES AND ALWAYS USE THE WHOLE QUOTE.
4. DON’T GOSSIP AND KEEP PERSONAL INFORMATION PERSONAL.
5.DON’T STEAL THOSE PHOTOGRAPHS OFF THE WEB
6. WATCH YOUR LANGUAGE
7.NO SPAMMING
8. IF YOU’RE USING A HEADER (SUCH AS IN AN EMAIL) MAKE SURE YOUR CONTENT
REALLY PERTAINS TO THE
HEADER
9. AVOID USE OVER EMOTIONS.
10. BE PATIENT WITH INTERNET NEWBIES
DIGITAL DIVIDE
-Is an economic and social inequality according to categories of
persons in a given population in their access to, use
of, or knowledge of information and communication
technologies (ICT).

INTERNET AND COMPUTER ADDICTION

-Known as computer addiction, online addiction, or internet
addiction disorder (IAD), covers a variety of impulse control
problems.
• CYBERSEX ADDICTION
Compulsive use of internet pornography, adult chat rooms, or adult fantasy role-play sites impacting
negatively on real- life intimate relationships.

• CYBER-RELATIONSHIP ADDICTION
Addiction to social networking, chat rooms, texting and messaging to the point where a virtual, online
friends become more important that real- life relationships with family and friends.

• NET COMPULSIONS
Such as compulsive, online gaming, gambling, stock trading or compulsive use online auction sites as
eBay, often resulting in finance and job-related problems.

• COMPUTER ADDICTION
Obsessive playing of off-line computer games, such as solitaire, minesweeper, or obsessive computer
Programming.

• INFORMATION OVERLOAD
Compulsive web surfing or database searching, leading to lower work productivity and less social
interaction with the family and friends.
• CYBERBULLYING
Is the use of information technology to harm or harass other people in a deliberate, repeated
and hostile
manner.

• HACKING
Those individuals who engage in computer hacking activities are typically referred to as
‘’hackers’’.

• PHISHING
Is the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit details
(and,
indirectly, money, often for malicious reasons, by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an
electronic
Communication.

• ILLEGAL DOWNLOADING
Refers to obtaining files that you do not have the right to use from the internet.

• DIGITAL PIRACY
The practice illegally copying and selling digital music, video computer software, etc.

• CYBER DEFAMATION
Is an unprivileged false statement of fact which tends to harm the reputation of a person
company
• Republic Act No. 10175
-Chapter 1, Sect.1, “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012”.
-Sect.2 state that "The State recognizes the vital role of
information and communications industries such as content
production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic
commerce, and data processing, in the nation’s overall social
and economic development..."

footnotes: R.A. No. 10175, Chapter 1, Sections 1 and 2. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10175/

Questions? Clarifications?