TOEIC

Test of English for

International Communication
GRAMMAR 3 – REPORTED SPEECH
 ORDERS & REQUESTS

› Verbs to be used: ask, tell, order, command, request,…

› Examples:
– Mary: “John, hurry up!” >> Mary asked John to hurry up.
– Teacher: “Close your books!” >> The teacher requested students
to close their books.
– Dad: “Don’t stay up late.” >> Dad told me not to stay up late.
– Commander: “Fire!” >> The commander ordered his soldiers to
fire.
 QUESTIONS

› YES – NO QUESTIONS
– Verbs to be used: ask, wonder, want to know, inquire,…
– Conjunctions: if, whether
– Backshifts of tenses
– Examples:
› Mary: “Are you Vietnamese?” >> Mary wondered if I was Vietnamese.
› Mom: “Have you cleaned your room?” >> Mom asked whether I had cleaned
my room.
› John: “Can you come to my party tomorrow?” >> John wanted to know if I
could come to his party the day after.
› Teacher: “Had you turned the lights off before you left classroom?” >>
The teacher inquired whether I had turned the lights off before I left
classroom.
 QUESTIONS

› WH- QUESTIONS
– Verbs to be used: ask, wonder, want to know, inquire,…
– Repeat question words: what, which, who, where, when, why,
how
– Examples:
› Mary: “When will the next class start?” >> Mary wondered when the next
class would start.
› Mom: “What did you learn at school today?” >> Mom asked what I had
learned at school that day.
› John: “Who were you talking to while I was in the kitchen?” >> John
wanted to know who I had been talking to while he had been in the
kitchen.
 EXCLAMATIONS
› FORMING AN EXCLAMATION:
– What a/an + adj + N (+ S + V) (Ex: What a beautiful flower it
is!)
– How adj/adv + S + V (Ex: How impressive the performance is!)
› CONVERTING AN EXCLAMATION INTO REPORTED
SPEECH:
– Verbs to be used: exclaim, say + that
– Backshifts of tenses
– Examples:
› “What a pretty girl she is!” >> He exclaimed that what a pretty girl she
was.
› “How quickly you reacted to the situation!” >> She exclaimed that how
quickly I had reacted to the situation.
 STATEMENTS

› Verbs to be used: say, tell + that

› Backshifts of tenses
› Examples:
– Mary: “I woke up late this morning.” >> Mary said that she had
woken up late that morning.
– John: “I like dogs.” >> John told that he liked dogs.
– Dad: “It will rain this morning. Don’t forget your umbrella.” >>
Dad said that it would rain that morning and told me not to
forget my umbrella.
 Notes

› Cases in which tenses are unchanged:

– Past perfect
– Truths
– Conditions type 2, 3
– Wishes
– could, would, should, might, ought to, would rather, had better
 Notes

› Other ways to express Reported Speech

STRUCTURE MEANING

Advise SO to do ST Khuyên ai đó làm điều gì

Advise SO not to do ST = Advise SO against doing ST Khuyên ai đó không nên làm điều gì

Warn SO not to do ST = Warn SO against doing ST Cảnh báo ai đó đừng làm điều gì

Hope to do ST Hy vọng làm điều gì

Suggest doing ST Đề nghị làm điều gì

Suggest + S + (should) + V-inf Đề nghị ai đó làm điều gì