E N V I R O N M E N T A L

S C I E N C E

( C I V I L D E PA R T M E N T )
Solid Waste
Management
By : Pratik Chudasma       
220280106032
     Anil Dabhi                2202801060
     Khushbu Dekaliya       22028010
     Yash Desai                2202801060
     Parth Deshmukh         220280106
     Milan Dhapa              220280106
 ⦿ Introduction to waste  
⦿ Solid waste
⦿ Types of solid waste
⦿ Effects of solid waste
⦿ Waste management concept
⦿ solid waste management  storage
         Collection , waste handling and transport
      method of disposal
⦿ Recommendation
 Waste
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse,  garbage, junk) is 
any unwanted or useless  materials.
                                           OR
 Any materials unused and rejected as  worthless or unwanted.

            

⦿ Solid waste​
⦿ Chemical waste​
⦿ Liquid waste​
⦿ Commercial
⦿ Gaseous waste​
waste/  Business waste​
⦿ Animal by​
⦿ Biomedical waste​
product(ABPs)​ ⦿ Bulky waste​
⦿ Biodegradable w
aste
⦿ Itis defined as
“ non liquid, non-soluble materials ranging  from municipal garbage to industrial
wastes that  contain complex & sometimes hazardous substances”

 ⦿ Solid waste  also include

 Garbage
 Rubbish
 Demolition products
 Sewage treatment residue
 Dead animals
 Manure  and other discarded material.
-- Per capita solid waste out put 0.25-2.5 Kg/day
⦿ Agriculture​ 1.Household waste as municipal waste​
⦿ Fisheries​ 2.Industrial waste as hazardous waste 
⦿ Household​ 3.Biomedical waste or hospital waste as​
⦿ Commerce and infectious waste​
 industry​
⦿ Municipal solid waste consist of--- 

   household waste
   construction and demolition debris  
   sanitation residue
   waste from streets
⦿ With rising urbanization and change in life  style and food
habits ,the amount of  municipal solid waste has been
increasing  rapidly and its composition changing.
 Industrial and hospital waste is considered  hazardous as they may
 contain toxic substances
⦿ Hazardous waste could be highly toxic tohumans, animals and plants.   
     They are :
• corrosive
• highly inflammable or explosive
⦿ In the industrial sector the major generators of  hazardous waste are
the metal’
chemical’  paper, pesticide, dye and rubber goods  industries.
⦿ Direct exposure to
chemicals in hazardous waste  such as mercury and cyanide can be fatal
⦿ Biomedical waste means “Any waste which  is generated during the diagnosis
, treatment  or immunization of human beings or animals  or in research 
    pertaining  thereto or  in the production or testing of biological”  
    -Bio-medical waste rules ,1998  

⦿ It may includes wastes like sharp waste,  pathological
waste,
pharmaceutical waste,  genotoxic waste, chemical waste,
and  radioactive waste etc.
 Generation rate of solid waste ,Indian
scenario ,and factors affecting generation
rates
• The average quantity of solid waste produced in an average Indian
city varies from 0.5 to 0.8 kg per capita per day , with highest
generation rate in larger cities followed by medium and small cities .
• Factors affecting generation rates : 
1. Geographic location .
2. Collection frequency.
3. Use of kitchen waste grinders.
4. Extent of salvaging and recycling .
5. Public attitudes .
6. Standard of living of city/town .
           Causes of solid waste pollution 
I. Over-pollution 

II. Technology

III. Urbanization

IV. affluence
 A: Health hazard

⦿ If solid waste
are not collected and allowed  to accumulate , they may
create unsanitary  conditions.

⦿ This may lead to epidemic  outbreaks .

⦿ Many diseases like cholera. Diarrhea,  dysentery, plague, jaundice, or g
astro-  intestinal diseases may spread and cause loss  of human lives.
     B: Environmental impact​ 

⦿  If the solid wastes are not treated properly  decomposition or decay may take place.

⦿ The organic solid waste during decomposition  may generate obnoxious . 
    (intolerable smell )                
Waste management is the
⦿ storage
⦿ collection
⦿ transport and handling
⦿ recycling
⦿ disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
1 . Collection / Storage of solid
waste​
Collection is the first fundamental
function of solid waste
management . Collection includes
all the activities associated with the
gathering of solid waste from place
of generation and hauling of waste
collected to location where waste is
either processed or at the site of
final disposal .
 Collection / Storage of solid waste
1. Kerbside collection : The house owner is responsible for  placing the solid
waste containers at the curb on the scheduled day .the workman come ,
collect and empty the container and put back at the curb 

2. Block collection : Individuals bring the waste in containers and hand it over
to the collection staff who empties it into the waiting vehicle and returns the
container to the individual . 

3. Community storage point : the solid waste is taken to a fixed storage bins
and stored till the waste collection agency collects it as per the schedule of
collection .
2 . Processing of solid waste 
Processing is second fundamental function of solid waste
management . It refers to the activities applied to the solid
waste to prepare it for the subsequent operation . Processing
improves the efficiency of solid waste disposal and prepares the
solid waste for subsequent recycling and recovery of
materials .processing involves any of these or all techniques
like screening , shredding , compacting , segregation etc . 
In short 3r's ( reduce , reuse , recycle ) are usefull in processing
of solid waste 
 3 . Disposal of solid waste 
Disposal is last step of solid waste management .due to hetrogeneity of reuse ,
it is important to select the most appropriate waste disposal method keeping
in view the following objectives :

i. It should be economically viable.

ii. It should not create health hazard .

iii. It should not be aesthetically unpleasant .

iv. It should not cause adverse environmental effects .

v. It should preferably provide opportunities for recycling of materials .

Various methods commonly used for solid
waste disposal are ;-
1.Open dumping
2.Sanitary land filling 
3.Incineration 
4.Composting
5.pyrolysis
⦿ The improvement of people and private  sector through NGOs could
improve the  efficiency of solid waste management.
⦿ Public awareness should be created  especially at primary levels.
⦿ Littering of solid waste should prohibited in  cities towns and urban
    areas.
⦿ More over house to house collecting solid  waste should be .