HUMAN PERSONS

AS ORIENTED
TOWARDS THEIR
IMPENDING DEATH
The human person is an
embodied spirit or the
unity of a body and a
spirit. The body grows
and dies, while the soul
continues to exist even
after the body has passed.
This makes a person's life
limited in time but no one
really knows when life
will end. 
BEING AND DEATH

INEVITABLE THINGS OR
EVENTS IN HUMAN LIFE 

REALITY OF DEATH
BEING AND
DEATH
WHAT IS BEING?
 WHAT IS BEING?
•A being is any living creature,
from a person to a bug. Being
also refers to the state of
existing. "To be, or not to be" --
that is the question when we
are talking about being. Things
that exist are in a state of being:
this meaning of being is a little
vague, but it has to do with the
way things are alive and real.
• As a treatment of the meaning of human
nature, the course considers the human
person as physical being, as knower, as
responsible agent, as a person in relation
to other persons, to society, to God, and to
the end, or purpose, of human life.
• These define two types of being, the in-itself
and the for-itself. To bring out that which
keeps them apart, involves understanding the
phenomenology of nothingness. This reveals
consciousness as essentially
characterizable though its power of negation,
a power which plays a key role in our
existential condition.
• Beingfor-itself (pour-soi) is the mode of
existence of consciousness, consisting in
its own activity and purposive nature.
• Being for-itself (pour-soi) is the mode of
existence of consciousness, consisting in
its own activity and purposive nature.
• Being in-itself (en-soi) is the self-
sufficient, lumpy, contingent being of
ordinary things.
WHAT IS DEATH?
 WHAT IS DEATH?

•Traditional
Definition of death
is simply  equated to
the stopping of
heartbeat and
breathing.
 WHAT IS DEATH?
•Legal definition of death is
the irreversible cessation of
circulatory and respiratory
functions or the irreversible
cessation of all functions of
the entire brain, including
the brain stem.
 WHAT IS DEATH IN
PHILOSOPHY?
• Typically, philosophers interpret this question as a
call for an analysis or definition of the concept of
death. Plato, for example, proposed to define death
as the separation of soul from the body.
However, this definition is not acceptable to those
who think that there are no souls.
 P L AT O V I E W O N D E AT H

•Plato explains that the soul

is immoral and will remain
(in a spiritual sense) after
the physical destruction of
the body. He explains that
the fear of death is only
natural to humans, but
death should be viewed as
the achievement of life.
 SOCRATES VIEW
ON DEATH
•Socrates argues that he
does not fear death, indeed,
to fear death is a sign of
ignorance. It is to claim to
know what one in fact does
not know. Perhaps,
Socrates suggests, death is
not a great evil after all, but
the greatest of all goods.
INEVITABLE
THINGS OR
EVENTS IN
HUMAN LIFE
1.CHANGE WILL HAPPEN
Change is the only constant
in life. From small changes
to big life changes, every
day, change happens around
 2.THINGS WILL COME TO AN
END
Another inevitability is that every chapter in
life comes to an end. Of course, this doesn't
have to be a bad thing. It could be the
beginning of something even better. The
problem is, you might only realize this after
the fact.
 3.YOU'LL HAVE DISAGREEMENTS
AND CONFLICT
Another thing that is inevitable is that at some
point in life you will have disagreements and
these could even lead to conflict. What you
need to remember that is that disagreements
are normal part of life and they are simply a
reminder that we're all different individuals.
 4.YOU WILL FAIL
All of us want to succeed. From childhood, we're
rewarded for getting things right. We learn to take
tests, pass exams and do well in school. We want to
go through life always succeeding. But failing is an
inevitable part of life because things won't always
go well. But it's through failure that we learn the
most. And the more you fail the more you learn.
 5.LIFE WILL CHANGE YOU
Your view in life will change due to
experiences in life, particularly if you
experience failures. But just make
sure that you change for the better. 
6.PEOPLE WILL SURPRISE YOU
Another inevitable aspect of life is that no matter
how well you know someone, at some point,
everyone will surprise you. For better or for worse.
It's inevitable.
This doesn't mean don't trust anyone it just means
you should keep your eyes, and ears open and never
assume you know everything about someone.
 7. YOU'LL EXPERIENCE FEAR
Fear is a very powerful emotion. We all know that the
purpose of fear is to keep us safe. Unfortunately, fear
is also one of the biggest obstacles that hold many of
us back from achieving our goals. Because fear is
innate, there's no getting rid of it. The best we can
hope for is to learn to live with it and continue to take
bold actions even in the face of fear.
 8.YOU'LL MAKE MISTAKES 
Perfectionism is another factor that can hold you
back from making progress. But expecting
perfection can be debilitating. Because there's no
such thing. However perfect someone might seem,
we all make mistakes. From the most minor to the
more serious, it's inevitable that you will make
mistakes. What’s important is learning from them.
 9. YOU'LL MISS OPPORTUNITY
At some point, we all miss an opportunity for
one reason or another. Maybe we're too
afraid, maybe we're indecisive and don't act
quick enough, or maybe we just procrastinate
and the time passes us. Whatever the reason,
there's nothing worse than knowing you've
missed out.
 10.TIME WILL PASS QUICKER
THAN YOU THINK
Time waits no man, time marches on, time
never stands still. Lots of sentiments to state
the same point. No matter how much time you
think you have, it will pass quicker than you
expect. And this means that every minute is
important, and every minute is precious. 
11.GETTING OLD WILL HAPPEN  
When it comes to fear, there's one fear that a
lot of us have in common and that's the fear of
getting old. But getting old is inevitable. What
this means is that we must make decisions that
our older selves will thank us for. This doesn't
mean not  taking any risks. But making some
decisions that will benefit you long term. 
 12.DEATH WILL COME
As well as getting old, death is
inevitable. But this just means we
should all try and live life fully as
possible. Do the things that makes
you happy, chase genuine happiness. 
REALITY OF
DEATH
• Death is commonly understood as the end of
bodily functions which signals the end of a
person's life. It also refers to the separation of the
body and the spirit. The human person is an
embodied spirit. The body, being material, is
bound by the laws of time and space and is subject
to growth, death, and decay. The spirit, being
immaterial, will continue to exist even after the
body has passed. 
• It
is true that a person's spiritual nature allows him
or her to transcend his or her temporality and
physical limits. However, we also cannot deny the
material nature of the person, that he or she is still
bound by the same laws of nature and reality that
apply to all objects in existence. Everything that
came to being in this universe will eventually die.
This paradox defines the uniqueness of human
existence.
• It can be said that we are also beings who are moving
towards our impending death. This makes a person's life
limited in time. The focus on this limit has led to several
attitudes towards death. There are people rely on anti-
aging treatments and products to make them look, feel,
and think that they are younger than they really are.
Others focus on experiencing intense moments and
feelings in order to feel alive because no one really
knows when will life end.
This has given rise to various expressions such as
#YOLO (You Only Live Once) and "eat, drink, and
be merry for tomorrow we die." Additionally, people
also put great importance to speed and efficiency—
we are concerned about doing more things in a shorter
span of time so we can do more in a lifetime. We find
means and ways to travel faster and do things more
efficiently by spending less time and energy because
we wish to experience more of the world.
• These attitudes are not necessarily bad but they
may prevent us from reflecting on the reality of
death. We must embrace the fact that death is an
integral part of our life. Once we have come to
terms with that, we can focus not just on the
quantifiable aspects of life (e.g., years lived,
material things owned) but also on its quality.
Ultimately, the acceptance of our temporality can
bring about a sense of freedom in us.
It can also give us a clearer purpose and
focus on our activities. Since we cannot do
everything in our lifetime, we must be able
to reflect on what we need to do and
identify the goals we need to achieve so we
can say that we have lived a meaningful
existence.
GROUPINGS
ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE: WRITE THE LETTER
ONLY
1.The _____  is an embodied spirit or the unity of a body and
a spirit.
A. human person.                B. human nature
C. humanity.                        D. personality of a human. 
2.The body _____ while the soul continues to exist even after
the body has passed.
A. moves and dies.                          B. evolves and dies.
C. rotates and die                            D. grows and dies.
3. Refers to the state of existing.  
A. Death.                 B. Society
C. Human Person    D. Being
4. What are the two types of being?
A. For-itself and in-itself        B. For-you and for-
me
C. Existing and existence      D. Being and death
5. The mode of existence of consciousness, consisting
in its own activity and purposive nature.
A. Being in-itself       B. Being
C. Being for-itself      D. Death
6. The self-sufficient, lumpy, contingent being of
ordinary things.
A. Being in-itself       B. Being
C. Being for-itself      D. Death
7. Legal definition of death is simply equated to the
stopping of heartbeat and breathing.
A. True           B. False
8. Traditional definition of death is the irreversible
cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions.
A. True           B. False
9. Who explains that the soul is immoral and will remain
(in a spiritual sense) after the physical destruction of the
body.  
A. Socrates                 B. Aristotle
C. René Descartes      D. Plato
10. Who argues that he does not fear death, indeed, to fear
death is a sign of ignorance.
A. Socrates                  B. Aristotle 
C. René Descartes       D. Plato