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  • Fastrack Biomolecules

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    violy villegas
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    Biomolecules are macromolecules essential for life that perform various functions. There are four main types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy and include sugars. Lipids are hydrophobic energy stores that cluster in water and insulate. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are responsible for heredity traits. Proteins have various shapes and functions including enzymes, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, and storage.

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    Biomolecules are macromolecules essential for life that perform various functions. There are four main types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy and include sugars. Lipids are hydrophobic energy stores that cluster in water and insulate. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are responsible for heredity traits. Proteins have various shapes and functions including enzymes, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, and storage.

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    16 views20 pages

    Fastrack Biomolecules

    Uploaded by

    violy villegas
    Biomolecules are macromolecules essential for life that perform various functions. There are four main types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy and include sugars. Lipids are hydrophobic energy stores that cluster in water and insulate. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are responsible for heredity traits. Proteins have various shapes and functions including enzymes, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, and storage.

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    of 20

    BIOMOLECULES

    Sub-atomic particles- smallest


    particles that together creates
    atoms (namely; Proton,
    Electron, and Neutron)
    Atoms- Basic unit of matter
    Molecules- combination of atoms
    Biomolecules- Macromolecules
    that are essential to life and
    performs different functions
    for living
    Four types of Biomolecules

    Carbohydrates
    Lipids
    Protein
    Nucleic Acid
    Carbohydrates

    • Sweet taste
    • Main source of energy for
    animals
    Carbohydrates

    Monomer- Monosaccharide
    Polymer- Polysaccharide
    Carbohydrates
    Examples of sugar
    Carbohydrates monomers
    Carbohydrates Examples of
    Carbohydrate monomers
    Lipids
    • Hydrophobic macromolecules
    • Backup energy sources
    • Greasy nature and taste
    • Temperature insulator
    • When placed in water, lipids
    spontaneously cluster together
    Lipids

    Monomer- glycerol
    Polymer- Triacylglycerol
    Lipids
    Lipids
    Phospolipids make up the majority of cell
    membranes including:
    The plasma membrane
    Nuclear envelope
    Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
    Golgi apparatus
    Membrane-bound vesicles
    Nucleic Acid

    • Responsible for Heredited traits


    • Most complex biomolecule
    • DNA and RNA
    Nucleic Acid

    Monomer- Nucleotide
    Nucleic Acid
    Nucleic Acid

    Contains esters to connect two or


    more nucleotides in the form of
    Phospodiester
    Protein

    • Globular in shape
    • Connected by peptide bonds
    Protein

    Monomer- Amino Acids


    Polymer- Biopolymers
    Protein 7 functions of proteins
    Enzyme catalysts – specific for 1 reaction
    Defense – antibody proteins, other proteins
    Transport- Hgb, Mgb, transferrins, etc
    Support – keratin, fibrin, collagen
    Motion – actin/myosin, cytoskeletal fibers
    Regulation- some hormones, regulatory proteins
    on DNA, cell receptors
    Storage – Ca and Fe attached to storage proteins

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