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MAINSTAY REVIEWS-NMAT-CHEMISTRY 1
• Each unit in the nucleic acid contains a sugar Base-pairing in DNA
molecule attached to an organic nitrogen-
The nitrogenous bases pair with each other through
containing molecule and an attached phosphate
hydrogen bonding – called complementary base-
group.
pairing
• The units are attached together by phosphate
linkages. – Adenine and thymine base-pair with two
• Composed of DNA and RNA hydrogen bonds
- DNA contains a (deoxyribose) sugar- – Guanine and cytosine base-pair with three
phosphate backbone and nucleotides. It is hydrogen bonds
double-stranded and stores genetic
information in the nucleus
- RNA contains a (ribose) sugar-phosphate
backbone and nucleotides. It is single-
stranded and transmits genetic information
from inside the nucleus to outside
• Two types of nitrogenous bases
– Pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil)
have a single six-membered ring
– Purines (adenine and guanine) have a six-
membered ring fused to a five-membered ring
MAINSTAY REVIEWS-NMAT-CHEMISTRY 2