THE

CELL CYCLE
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 Five Phases of the Cell Cycle
G1 - primary growth phase
S – synthesis; DNA replicated
G2 - secondary growth phase
– collectively these 3 stages are called interphase
M - mitosis
C - cytokinesis

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Cell Cycle

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 Interphase - G1 Stage
1st growth stage after cell division
Cells mature by making more
cytoplasm & organelles
Cell carries on its normal metabolic
activities

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 Interphase – S Stage
 Synthesis stage
 DNA is copied or replicated

Two
identical
copies
of DNA

Original
DNA
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 Interphase – G2 Stage
2nd Growth Stage
Occurs after DNA has been copied
All cell structures needed for division are
made (e.g. centrioles)
Both organelles & proteins are
synthesized

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 What’s Happening in Interphase?

What the cell looks like

Animal Cell

What’s occurring

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 Sketch the Cell Cycle
DNA Copied
Cells prepare for
Cells Division
Mature

Daughter
Cells
Cell Divides into
Identical cells
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MITOSIS

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Division of the
Mitosis
nucleus
Also called
karyokinesis
Only occurs in
eukaryotes
Has four stages
Doesn’t occur in
some cells such as
brain cells
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 Four Mitotic Stages
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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 Early Prophase
Chromatin in nucleus condenses to form
visible chromosomes
Mitotic spindle forms from fibers in
cytoskeleton or centrioles (animal)

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 Late Prophase
 Nuclear membrane & nucleolus are
broken down
 Chromosomes continue condensing & are
clearly visible
 Spindle fibers called kinetochores attach to
the centromere of each chromosome
 Spindle finishes forming between the poles
of the cell

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 Review of Prophase
What the cell
looks like

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What’s happening
 Metaphase
– Chromosomes, attached to the kinetochore
fibers, move to the center of the cell
– Chromosomes are now lined up at the equator

Equator of Cell

Pole of
the Cell

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 Metaphase

Aster

Chromosomes at Equator
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 Review of Metaphase
What the cell looks
like

What’s
occurring
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 Anaphase
Occurs rapidly
Sister chromatids
are pulled apart
to opposite poles
of the cell by
kinetochore
fibers

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 Anaphase Review
What the
cell looks
like

What’s
occurring

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 Telophase
– Sister chromatids at opposite poles
– Spindle disassembles
– Nuclear envelope forms around each
set of sister chromatids
– Nucleolus reappears
– CYTOKINESIS occurs
– Chromosomes reappear as chromatin
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Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase

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 Cytokinesis
Means division of the cytoplasm
Division of cell into two, identical halves
called daughter cells
In plant cells, cell plate forms at the
equator to divide cell
In animal cells, cleavage furrow forms to
split cell

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 Cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow Cell plate in
in animal cell plant cell

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Mitotic Stages

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 Daughter Cells of Mitosis
Have the same number of
chromosomes as each other and as the
parent cell from which they were
formed
Identical to each other, but smaller
than parent cell
Must grow in size to become mature
cells (G1 of Interphase)
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Review of
Mitosis

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 Name the Mitotic Stages:
Interphase

Name this?

Prophase
Telophase

Name this?

Metaphase
Anaphase

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 Mitosis Animation
Name each stage as you see it occur.

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Mitosis in Onion Root Tips
Do you see any stages of mitosis?

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Test Yourself over Mitosis

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 Name the Stages of Mitosis:
Early prophase
Early Anaphase Metaphase

Interphase Early
Telophase,
Begin
cytokinesis

Late Late telophase,

Prophase Advanced Mid-Prophase Late
cytokinesis Anaphase
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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
1. It is the process of dividing the duplicated DNA
of a cell into two new nuclei?
a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis
c. Cytokinesis
d. Synthesis

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
2. What happens during the Prophase Stage?
a.The DNA condenses and organize
b.Chromosomes align at the center
c.Chromosomes moves and separate at the end of
each pole of the cell
d.Microtubules attach to the chromosome

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
3. What happens during the Prometaphase Stage?
a.The DNA condenses and organize
b.Chromosomes align at the center
c.Chromosomes moves and separate at the end of
each pole of the cell
d.Microtubules attach to the chromosome

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
4. What happens during the Metaphase Stage?
a.The DNA condenses and organize
b.Chromosomes align at the center
c.Chromosomes moves and separate at the end of
each pole of the cell
d.Microtubules attach to the chromosome

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
5. What happens during the Anaphase Stage?
a.The DNA condenses and organize
b.Chromosomes align at the center
c.Chromosomes moves and separate at the end of
each pole of the cell
d.Microtubules attach to the chromosome

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
6. What happens during the Telophase Stage?
a.Chromosomes moves and separate at the end of
each pole of the cell
b.The DNA condenses and organize
c.Nuclear membranes appear around the two sets
of chromosomes
d.Microtubules attach to the chromosome

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
7. It is the process wherein two new cells are
formed?
a.Synthesis
b.Cytokinesis
c.Mitosis
d.Meiosis

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
8. A cell can be duplicated within how many hours?
a.48 hours
b.12 hours
c.24 hours
d.36 hours

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
9. Which of the following is not included in the
Interphase stage?
a.G1 Stage
b.G2 Stage
c.Synthesis
d.Cytokinesis

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 QUESTIONS ABOUT
MITOSIS
10. Which of the following is included in the
Mitosis stage?
a.Prophase Stage
b.Metaphase Stage
c.Anaphase Stage
d.All of the above

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 Activity 4: Mitosis Mover
• Start the Mitosis Mover Game and answer the
following questions included in the game:
https://biomanbio.com/HTML5GamesandLabs/
Genegames/mitosismoverpage.html
• Take a picture of your score (not screenshot)
together with a piece of paper that includes
your name, section, score and signature.
Sample output on the next page.

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Activity 4

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 Activity 4 Outputs

SUBMIT IT ON THE GCLASS.

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