PATTERN OF

IDEA
DEVELOPME
NT
TYPES OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT

● General to Specific
● Cause-effect
● Problem-Solution
● Claim and Counterclaim
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1. GENERAL TO
SPECIFIC
Let’s start with the first set of slides
 “
General to specific is a pattern of
development begins with a general
idea or statement and is followed by
specific details to support and
explain it.

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GENERAL IDEA
● Are representation of broader ideas or
statements.
● The idea or statements needs a further
explanation.
● For example:
Marinella loves to read books.
Ma’am Mariel is a teacher.
That animal is cute.
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SPECIFIC STATEMENTS
● Are representation of supporting details or
evidences related to general statement.
○ For example:
Marinella loves to read stories such as
fairy tales like Snow white, Cinderella
and Rapunzel.
Ma’am Mariel is an English teacher at
Mabini Colleges, Inc.
That cat is cute. 6
● For example, take the idea of ANIMAL and the idea of
TURTLE. Clearly, the idea of TURTLE is included in
the idea of ANIMAL. In other words, TURTLE is a
specific idea in the broad, general idea of ANIMAL.
Turtles are specific members of the animal kingdom.

● General ideas can be quite broad and include many

specific examples. Turtles, dogs, cats, monkeys,
butterflies, and spiders are all specific ideas connected
to the general idea of animals, because the general idea
animals covers or includes all specific animals.

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2. CAUSE-EFFECT
Let’s start with the first set of slides
CAUSE-EFFECT
● It is used to show the relationship between ideas, topics,
etc. It describes how one event influenced a letter event
or what caused an event to take place.
○ Why did it happen?
○ What caused it?
○ What are its effects?
○ How is it related to something else?

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● In a cause-and-effect essay, the author discusses the
relationships between two or more events or
experiences. He/she either focuses on both causes and
effects or addresses only the cause or the effect.
● Cause essay- dwells on the reason why something
happened.
● Effect essay- focuses on what happens after a
particular incident.
● Signal words:
As a result because due to
If…then therefore thus
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EXAMPLE
● My sister was scared of the mouse, as a
result she screamed loudly.
● Crizza was tired, so she fell asleep.
● If you study hard, you will pass the
examination.
● She was late for school, that is why she
run fast as she could.
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3. PROBLEM-
SOLUTION
Let’s start with the first set of slides
PROBLEM-
SOLUTION
● The problem-solution pattern is one method of
organization, composed of two main sections (1) the
problem (2) the solution. The problem-solution
pattern is used in persuasive writing with the writer aims
to:
○ Convincing the reader to support a certain course of
action and;
○ Making the reader change his/her opinion or
behavior by showing that a problem exists, then
providing a solution. 14
EXAMPLE

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4. PARTS OF AN
ARGUMENT (CLAIM &
COUNTERCLAIM)
Let’s start with the first set of slides
PARTS OF AN
ARGUMENT
● Claim
● Counterclaim
● Reason or Evidences

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CLAIM
● A claim is a statement that presents an
arguable position. It reflects your
interpretation, belief, or opinion. The
claim typically answers the question:
“What do I think” or simply stating your
main point.

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COUNTERCLAIM
● To respond to a claim by denying it with
corresponding reasons or evidences is to
make a counterclaim. A counterclaim is
the strongest argument against your claim.

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REASONS OR
EVIDENCES
● Reason tells the importance of the claim.
Evidences supports reasons with facts,
reasons, or experiences not just because
you said so.

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EXAMPLES
● CLAIM
I believe that Japanese literature was heavily influence by
cultural contact with china and their literature because the early
Japanese literary works were often written in classical Chinese.
● COUNTERCLAIM
According to my research, it was Indian literature that had an
influence on Japanese literature through the propagation of
Buddhism in Japan.

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