Lecture 5

TW №6 Linear Functions
Chapter Outline

 Relationship Between Variables

 Finding the Coordinates of a Function
 Graphical Representation of Functions
 Horizontal and Vertical Lines
 Intersecting, Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Variables
 So far, we have mostly examined ways to find specific values of variables
from equations. Now we will explore mathematical relationship between
variables. For example,

• The cost of taxi ride is related to how far you travel.

• The amount of interest earned on a deposit is related to how long you leave it
in the bank.

• The distance travelled by a ball is related to how hard you throw it.
For Example:
 Yandex taxi fare costs $2 per kilometer (km) plus a $4“flagfall”.
• If you travel 10 km, the taxi ride costs $4 + $2 x 10 = $24
• If you travel 15 km, the taxi ride costs $4 + $2 x 15 = $34
• If you travel x km , the ride costs $4 + $2x
If we define y to be the cost of the taxi ride, we can just write
y = 2x + 4
As we can see y depends on x or “y is a function of x”
y = f(x) where is the case f(x) = 2x + 4
For example, when x = 7, we have y = f(7) = 2 x 7 + 4 = 18. From this we can calculate
that a 7 km ride costs $18.
Graphical Representation:

 These number lines are called the “” (vertical) and the “” (horizontal).
Graphical Representation

 To visually examine the behavior of a function, say

y = 2x – 3
start by finding out the value of for different values of .
then
then
then
then
 Graphical Representation:
 Now represent them on the picture by cross-referencing points on the
- axis with their corresponding points on the - axis:
 Graphical Representation:
 If we tried -values between the whole numbers, the plotted points
would follow the same pattern so we can join them up into a smooth
line:

We have now plotted a graph of the function

 Horizontal Lines:

 What is the equation of this horizontal line?

 Hint: What is the gradient and what is the line -intercept?
 The gradient is zero, and the -intercept is 3, so the equation is simply
. In general, the horizontal line passing through has equation
 Vertical Lines:
 The only lines, which do not fit the format are vertical:

The equation of this line is . In general, the vertical line passing through has
equation
 Intersecting Lines:
 We often wish to find the co-ordinates of the point where two lines meet or
intersect.

Example: Where do you and intersect?

 Parallel Lines:
 Parallel lines have the same gradient. For example,
 Perpendicular Lines:
 Perpendicular lines (that is, lines at right-angles to each other) have gradients which
multiply to give . For example,

If a given line has gradient then any line, perpendicular to it must have gradient