MAGNETIC

PROPERTY OF THE
ATOM BASED ON ITS
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
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 Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be

able to:
a. determine the magnetic property of the atom
based on its electronic configuration;
b. state the importance magnetic property of the
atom based on its electronic configuration ; and
c. perform calculations to determine the effective
magnetic moment of molecule 3
What is the magnetic property of the atom
based on its electronic configuration?
 a representation of its arrangement and
distribution
 use not only to describe the orbitals of an atom in
its ground state, but also to represent cations or
anions by reflecting loss or gains of electrons in
their subsequent orbitals
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Three rules apply in the distribution of
electrons:

1. Aufbau Principle
2. Hund’s Rule of Multiplicity
3. Pauli Exclusion Principle
 

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Aufbau Principle
 Electrons will successively occupy the
available orbitals in order of increasing
energy. Writing electron configuration in
standard notation can be lengthy, especially
when the atomic number of the atom is
large.
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Examples:
Element Expected Observed

Cr (Z=24) [Ar] 3d4 4s2 [Ar] 3d5 4s1

Cu (Z=29) [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d5 4s1

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What is Hund’s Rule of Multiplicity?

This rule was proposed by Friedrich Hund, a

German physicist. When electrons enter a
sublevel containing more than one orbital,
they will spread out over the available
orbitals with their spins in the same
direction before they pair up with opposite
spins. 8
Example: Give the electron configuration and
orbital diagram.

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What is Pauli Exclusion Principle?
Electrons occupying the same orbital must have
opposite spins
 the state in which electrons are found in an atom
or molecule. No more than one electron in an
atom or molecule can share the exact same
quantum state or all four quantum numbers.
While two electrons can be found in the same
orbital, they must have opposite spins 10
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 Magnetic property of atom can be
determined through its electron
configuration. Magnetism can result from
the unpaired electrons of an element. As
electrons spin, they produce a magnetic
field. The two most common magnetic
properties are paramagnetism and
diamagnetism. 12
What is paramagnetism?
Paramagnetism is the magnetic state of
an atom with one or more unpaired
electrons.

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According to Hund’s rule, each orbital must
be filled singly before it can be doubly
occupied. Thus, this results unpaired
electrons. The unpaired electrons can orient
in either direction causing the material’s
electrons to align with a magnet. This
allows paramagnetic atoms attracted to
magnetic fields. 14
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What is diamagnetism?

the magnetic state wherein an atom has no

unpaired electrons
 

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▸ According to Pauli’s Exclusion Principle,
no two identical atoms can fill the same
quantum state/number at the same time.
This causes opposite spins in a given
orbital. As a result, there is no magnetic
field, and the material is not attractive.
Diamagnetism causes a weak repulsion
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ACTIVITY TIME!

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 THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING!