Opportunities, Challenges,

and Power of Media and

Information
• World Wide Web at the Forefront

- According to Cheng and Shen (2010), the process of information

search that utilizes online portal is classified into:
1. Media document retrieval – search engines that enable users
“to submit one or more queries in the form of an example rich
media object or keyword terms”
2. Media content mining – “implicit knowledge, data
relationships, or other regular patterns”
• Challenges/Opportunities of Social Media

- Collaborative project
- Blogs
- Content communities
- Social networking sites
- Virtual game worlds
 Cybercrime in the Philippines
Cybercrime – according to DOJ - a crime
committed with or through the use of information
and communication technologies such as radio,
television, cellular phone, computer and network,
and other communication device or application.
 Cybercrime-related laws in the Philippines
Republic Act 10175 – Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (currently
suspended due to a TRO issued by the Supreme Court
Republic Act 9995 – Anti-photo Voyeurism Act of 2009
Republic Act 9775 – Anti-child Pornography Act of 2009
Republic Act 9208 – Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
Republic Act 8792 – E-commerce Act of 2000
Republic Act 8484 – Access Device Regulation Act of 1998; and
Republic Act 4200 – Anti-wiretapping Law
 Media and
Information Literate
Audience
FILTERING MESSAGE
MEANING MATCHING
MEANING CONSTRUCTION
• Media Content
According to Potter – people live
in two worlds: the real world and
the media world.
Massive Open Online
Courses/MOOCS
• MOOCS
- a model for delivering learning
content online to any person who
wants to take a course, with no limit
of attendance”
• MOOCS
- Open Educational Resources
(OER) – teaching, learning, and
research resources that reside in the
public domain.
 Wearable
Technology
• Also known as wearable devices or wearables,
wearable technologies
- “electronic technologies or computers that are
incorporated into items of clothing and
accessories which can comfortably be worn on
the body.”
• Examples of wearable devices:
- watches
- glasses
- contact lenses
- headbands
- beanies and caps
- jewelry
- hearing-aid-like devices
3D Environment
 Three basic phases in 3D computer graphics creation:

1. 3D modeling – the process of forming a computer model

of an object’s shape
2. Layout and animation – the motion and placement of
objects within a scene
3. 3D rendering – computer calculations that generate the
image based on light placement, surface types, and other
qualities
 Ubiquitous Learning/u-learning
- a kind of e-learning experience that is more
context-based and more adaptive to learner
needs.
- shifted the learning paradigm from teacher-
centered to learner-centered.
Wiki
- has no defined writer or author and has “little
implicit structure, allowing structure to emerge
according to the needs of the users.”
- example of wiki is the online encyclopedia
Wikipedia.
 Propaganda
Techniques/Fallacies
• Ad hominem
- This fallacy occurs when, instead of
addressing someone's argument or position,
you irrelevantly attack the person or some
aspect of the person who is making the
argument. 
• Ad nauseam
- a fallacy by which the speaker uses
the same word, phrase, story, or imagery
repeatedly with the hopes that the
repetition will lead to persuasion.
• Appeal to authority
- informal fallacy that occurs when someone uses the
authority, reputation, or expertise of a person or a
source as the sole or primary reason to support their
argument, without providing any other evidence or
reasoning.
• Appeal to fear
- when baseless fear is employed in an
excessive or exaggerated way to
persuade others to accept a concept or
adopt a behavior.
• Appeal to prejudice
- Arguing by appealing to the personal likes
(preferences, prejudices, predispositions,
etc.) of others in order to have an argument
accepted.
• Bandwagon
- also sometimes called the appeal to
common belief or appeal to the masses
because it's all about getting people to do or
think something because “everyone else is
doing it” or “everything else thinks this.”
• Cherry picking/Selective truth
-  fallacy of incomplete evidence is the act of
pointing to individual cases or data that seem
to confirm a particular position while ignoring
a significant portion of related and similar
cases or data that may contradict that position.
• Classical Conditioning
-  behaviors are learned by
connecting a neutral stimulus
with a positive one.
• Cognitive dissonance
- occurs when a person believes in
two contradictory things at the same
time. 
• Common man/Plain folk
- attempting to establish a connection to the audience
based on being a “regular person” just like each of
them. Then suggesting that your proposition is
something that all common folk believe or should

accept.
• Demonizing the enemy
- promotes an idea about the enemy
being a threatening, evil aggressor
with only destructive objectives.
• Diktat
- a harsh, punitive settlement or decree
imposed unilaterally on a defeated
nation, political party, etc. - any decree
or authoritative statement.
• Disinformation
- This fallacy attempts to
create a causal relationship
between ideas/events.
• Euphemism
- intentionally used to conceal the truth and
obscure any real meaning; they are soft
language used to mask or downplay warranted
emotional force.
• Exaggeration
- committed when an argument tries to
include additional causal influences
that may be irrelevant to the matter at
hand.
• Foot-in-the-door technique
- a compliance tactic that aims at getting
a person to agree to a large request by
having them agree to a modest request
first.
• Framing
- a type of cognitive bias or
error in thinking.
• Glittering generalities
- The use of vague, emotionally appealing
virtue words that dispose us to approve
something without closely examining the
reasons.
• Guilt by association
- occurs when someone connects an opponent
to a demonized group of people or to a bad
person in order to discredit his or her argument. 
• Half-truth

- deceives the recipient by presenting something

believable and using those aspects of the statement
that can be shown to be true as a good reason to
believe the statement is true in its entirety, or that
the statement represents the whole truth.
• Intentional vagueness
- when the appearance of cogency
of an argument depends upon
vagueness in its terms.
• Labeling
- aiming at accrediting or
discrediting the argument or the
debater by associating them with an
emotionally charged label.
• Latitudes of acceptance
-  where individuals place
attitudes they consider
acceptable. 
• Loaded language
-  occurs when you rely on manipulative
language (instead of facts or evidence) to
convince your audience that your claim is
true. 
• Love bombing
- a form of psychological and emotional abuse
that involves a person going above and beyond
for you in an effort to manipulate you into a
relationship with them.
• Milieu control
- a tactic used within groups to
isolate members from society and
deepen connections with their
associates.
• Name-calling

- fallacy that uses emotionally

loaded terms to influence an
audience.
• Operant conditioning
- the form of conditioning which explains
the relationship between behavior and their
consequences or rewards (Reinforcements
and Punishments)
• Oversimplification
- When a contributing factor is assumed
to be the cause, or when a complex array
of causal factors is reduced to a single
cause.
• Rationalization
- Offering false or inauthentic excuses for our
claim because we know the real reasons are
much less persuasive or more embarrassing to
share, or harsher than the manufactured ones
given.
• Red herring
- diverting attention from the real
issue by focusing instead on an issue
having only a surface relevance to the
first.
• Scapegoating
- when an unfavorable person,
organization, or group is blamed
without cause.
• Unstated assumption
- Unstated or Implicit (indirect stated)
- An assumption that is not even stated.
The author may believe that it is commonly accepted and
thus doesn't need to be explained.
• Virtue words
- a fallacy of irrelevance in which
arguments or information are dismissed or
validated based solely on their source of
origin rather than their content.
Media in Nation
Building
 Section 24, Article II
- The state recognizes the vital
role of communication and
information in nation building.
 Section 11, Article XII
- No franchise, certificate, or any other
form of authorization for the operation
of a public utility shall be granted
except to citizens of the Philippines.
 Section 10, Article XV1
- The state shall provide the policy
environment for the full
development of Filipino capability.
 Media and Information:
Design Principles, Elements,
and Selection Criteria
• People and Media
- Human beings can become
channels of communication
themselves.
• Text Information and Media
- Text is considered the main
mode of communication from
which other media modalities are
based from.
• Visual Information and Media
- The form of pictures and drawings
may effectively convey information
when they rely with universal cues or
signs that people are familiar with.
• Audio Information and Media
- Sound has both technical and
aesthetic functions in media
production – effective in stirring the
imagination.
• Motion Information and Media
- Moving images with audio and
interaction functions and with the most
impressionable character because of its
cathartic effect to its audiences.
• Manipulative Information and Media

- associated with interactive media

user – interacts with the media
through engagement and manipulation
of the media technology.
• Multimedia Information
- combination of modalities such as text,
visuals (images, graphics, video and
animation), and audio or sound media that
creates a more textured or “complete”
experience of the content.
• Goodluck on
your exam!