Differential Equations and

Partial Differential Equations

for Engineering and the Sciences

•Submitted to:
•Dr. Dimitrios Trachillis
•Submitted by:
•Nour Alghashem 54096
•Deema Aljasmi 55800
•Aisha Alkharraz 55801
 Introduction
Project Overiew

The objective of the project is to understand the topic of simple

harmonic motion and develop the research skills and mathematical
reasoning. 
Deliverables Overview

Deliverable 1 includes information about the vibration of a spring in 2

the absence of frictional and external forces. 𝑑 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑚( )+ 𝑐 ( )+ 𝑘𝑥
𝑑𝑡
2
𝑑𝑡

Deliverable 2 is also a report that describe the free vibration with

damping, a differential equation that describes free vibration with
damping, and graph the position function.
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 Methodology
Deliverable 1:
Taking the first and second derivatives of the
displacement equation, we derived the angular
frequency of the motion and the expression for
the displacement as a function of time.
Deliverable 2:
The solution for a differential equation that
describes free vibration with damping using
Laplace transformation. The equation is
simplified using the properties of Laplace
transformation and initial conditions.

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D1 Results
• The report describes the motion
of an object attached to a spring
in the absence of frictional and
external forces.

• The angular frequency of the

motion is found to be ω =
sqrt(k/m).

• The position of the object as a

function of time is given by x(t) =
Acos(ωt + φ),.

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D1 Results
(Contd..)
• The concept of phase portrait,
which is a visual representation of
the behavior of a dynamic system
in a state space.

• The phase portrait of the

vibrating spring system is a closed
ellipse or circle.

• The total energy of the system

remains constant in the absence
of dissipative forces.

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D2 Results
• The report presents the methodology to find
and solve the differential equation that
describes free vibration with damping using
Laplace transformation.

• The second-order differential equation used is

𝑚(𝑑2𝑥/𝑑𝑡2) + 𝑐(𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑡) + 𝑘𝑥 = 0.

• By taking the Laplace transform of the

equation, the report simplifies it to
𝑠²𝑀𝑋(𝑠) + 𝑠𝐶𝑋(𝑠) + 𝐾𝑋(𝑠) = 𝑠²𝑥(0) + 𝑠𝑥′(0) + 𝑥(0).

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D2 Results (Contd..)

• The solution to the differential equation

for free vibration with damping is given
by the equation
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒^(−𝜁𝜔𝑛 𝑡) [𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑑𝑡) + 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑑𝑡)],
• The methodology presented can be
used to solve differential equations for
various systems.
• It provides a useful tool for engineers
and scientists in designing and
analyzing physical systems.

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 Conclusion
The project investigates the behavior
of a vibrating spring system.
The project highlights the
importance of initial conditions in
determining the values of amplitude
and phase.
The project also describes how to
The motion of the system is
create a phase portrait of the
described by a cosine function, and
system, which is a visual
the system's energy is the sum of its
representation of the system's
kinetic and potential energy.
behavior in a state space.
Finally, the project report suggests
that further work can be done to
investigate the effects of friction and
other dissipative forces on the
system's behavior.
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Reflection
• Introduction to the vibrating spring system and its basic components
• Discussion of the differential equation for the system and how it can be solved for the
angular frequency and position equation
• Calculation of the kinetic and potential energy of the system and how they relate to the
total energy
• Explanation of the phase portrait and how it represents the system's behavior in a state
space
• Discussion of any new skills or knowledge gained through the project, such as how to
solve differential equations and analyze phase portraits.

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 References
• Tabor, M. (1989). Chaos and integrability in nonlinear dynamics: An
introduction. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

• Taylor, J. R. (2005). Classical mechanics. Sausalito: University Science Books. 

P. Mohana Shankar, Differential Equations. CRC Press, 2018.

• S. G. Krantz, Differential Equations. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2015.

• Dynamics and Vibrations: Notes: Free Damped Vibrations. (2023). Brown.edu.

https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En4/Notes/vibr
ations_f ree_damped/vibrations_free_damped.htm

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Any Questions?

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Thanks

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