Finding Answers

through Data
Collection
Quantitative Data Analysis

It involves series of examination,

classification, mathematical calculations,
and graphical recording among others.
Steps in Quantitative Data
Analysis

Step 1. Preparing the Data

1.1. Coding system
To analyze data means to quantify or
change the verbally expressed data into
numerical information.

For example
Male-1
Female-2
 Steps in Quantitative
Data Analysis

For easy classification and

distribution of numbers based
1.2 Data Tabulation on a certain criterion, you have
to collect them with the help of
a graph called table.
Frequency Distribution: Computing the frequency of a score is simply a matter of
counting the number of times that score appears in the set of data.
Percentage: Percentage is the number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often
denoted using the percent sign “%”

Formula

P=

Wherein:
ƒ is the frequency.
P is the percentage.
n is the total number of respondents.
Example
Sample Size: 24

Sex Male: 11 (46%)

Female: 13 (54%)
Total: 24 (100%)
Course Fine Arts: 9 (37.5%)
Architecture: 6 (25%)
Journalism: 4 (16.67%)
Comm. Arts: 5 (20.83%)
Total: 24 (100%)
School FEU: 3(13%)
ADU: 9(38%)
DLSU:4(17%)
TUP:8(33%)
Total: 24 (?%)
Seat Work
Description of the respondents according to educational attainment

Sample size: 30
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
Elementary 3
High School 13
College 8
Graduate School 6
Total 30

Description of the respondents according to marital status

Marital Status Frequency Percentage
Single Parent 7
Married 14
Widowed 4
Annulled 2
Separated 3
Total 30
Steps in Quantitative Data Analysis

Step 2: Analyzing the Data

2.1. Descriptive Statistical Technique

This quantitative data analysis technique provides a summary of the

orderly or sequential data obtained from the sample through the data
gathering instrument used.
Measure of Central Tendency- indicates the different positions or
values of the items, such that in a category of data, you find an item or
items serving as the:

Mean- average of all items or scores

Ex. 3+8+9+2+3+10+3= 38
38 7 = 5
Median- The score in the middle of the set of items that cuts or divides
the set into two groups.
Mode- Refers to the item or score in the data set that has the most
repeated appearance in the set.
Standard Deviation- shows the extent of the difference of the data from the
mean. An examination of this gap between the mean and the data will show the
extent of similarities and differences between the respondents.
Steps to determine the standard deviation
Step 1. Compute the mean
Step 2. Compute the deviation
Step 3. Compute the square if each deviation
Step 4. Compute the sum of square by adding the squared figures
Step 5. Divide the sum of squares by the number of data items to get the variance
Step 6. Compute the square root of variance figure to get standard deviation
Example
(step 1) Mean: 7
(step 2) (step 3)
Data item Deviation Square of Deviation
1 -6 36
2 -5 25
6 -1 1
6 -1 1
8 +1 1
6 -1 1
6 -1 1
14 +7 49
16 +9 81

(step 4) Sum of Squares: 196

(step 5) Variance:21. 78
(step 6) Standard Deviation: 4.7
WRITTEN WORK No. 2
Following the procedure in calculating standard deviation, compute the standard deviation of the data set in the
box. Likewise, give the median and the mode of the data set

Mean:
Data item Deviation Square of Deviation
23
37
45
49
56
63
63
70
72
82

Sum of Squares:
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Median:
Mode:
Steps in Quantitative Data Analysis

Step 2. Analyzing the Data

2.2. Advanced Quantitative Analytical Method
An analysis of quantitative data that involves the use of more complex
statistical methods needing computer software like the SPSS, STATA, or
MINITAB.
 Statistical Methods

Statistical Methodologies
1. Descriptive statistics
2. Inferential statistics
Types of Statistical Data Analysis
- Univariate Analysis
- Bivariate Analysis
Statistical Methods of Bivariate Analysis
Correlation or covariation (correlated variation)
To show the degree of relationship between variables
 Statistical Methods

Measures of Correlation
1.Correlation Coefficient
•Pearson product-moment correlation
•Chi-square test- Compares the frequency count of what is expected
in theory against what is actually observed
•T-test- to assess whether the means of two groups are statistically
different from each other.
a.ANOVA (One-way analysis of variance)
b.ANCOVA (analysis of covariation)
- Used to describe/compare the relationship among number of
groups.