Flow Control of Tip/Edge Vortices

YI-XIANG KE

Advisor: Yi-Ju Chou Ph.D.

Institute of Applied Mechanics
National Taiwan University

November 22th, 2022

Gursul, I., & Wang, Z. (2018). Flow control of tip/edge vortices. AIAA Journal, 56(5), 1731-1749.
Outline
 Background and Motivation

 Flow Phenomena and Parameter

• Vortex formation
• Vortex breakdown

 Flow Control Methods

• Continuous Blowing and Suction

 Summary

 Future work
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Background ＆ Motivation

 To modify the location, trajectory, and structure of the tip or edge vortices shed from wings.

 Lift enhancement, Drag reduction, Flight control, and vortex control.

Fig.1 Force distribution of wingtip vortices

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 Flow Phenomena and Parameter (1)
 Vortex formation
• External pressure gradient
 Vortex breakdown

Fig.2 Visualization of vortex breakdown Fig.3 Airflow separating from a wing at a high angle of attack

Anwar-ul-Haque, Khawar, J., & Raza Ch, S. (2008). Influence of turbulence modeling in capturing separated flow over delta wing at subsonic speed. Engineering Applications
of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2(3), 252-263. 4
 Flow Phenomena and Parameter (2)

 External pressure gradient

𝑉2𝜃 1 𝜕𝑝
=
𝑟 𝜌 𝜕𝑟
: Swirl velocity
Assumptions : Inviscid, Steady, Quasi-cylindrical

( )
𝑟
𝜌 𝑉 2𝜃
( 𝜕𝑝
𝜕𝑧 )
𝑟 =0
−
𝜕𝑝
𝜕𝑧 (
=−∫
𝜕
0 𝜕 𝑧
) 𝑟
𝑑𝑟

This shows that the pressure gradient along the axis will be
different from the pressure gradient outside of the vortex core. Fig.4 Representations of vortex roll-up

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Flow Phenomena and Parameter (4)

 Vortex breakdown

A change in structure of a vortex initiated by a variation in the characteristic ratio of tangential to

axial velocity components.

Two main parameters that determine whether the vortex

breakdown will occur or not.

Fig.5 vortex breakdown over a delta wing

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 Flow Phenomena and Parameter (3)

 Swirl angle : the ratio of the swirl velocity to the axial

velocity
−1 𝑉𝜃
𝜙= tan ( )
𝑈

Hall suggests that, when swirl angle reaches about 50 deg, vortex breakdown occurs.

 External pressure gradient

( )
𝑟 2

( 𝜕𝑝
𝜕𝑧 ) 𝑟 =0
− ( 𝜕𝑝
𝜕𝑧
=−∫
𝜕
0 𝜕 𝑧
) 𝜌𝑉𝜃
𝑟
𝑑𝑟

Hall, M. G., “Vortex Breakdown,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 4, 1972, pp. 195–218.
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 Flow Control Methods

 Continuous Blowing and Suction

• Blowing gives rise to additional vorticity shed, resulting in stronger vortices.
• Suction near the leading edge has also been tried to manipulate the shear layer separated.

Fig.6 Tip-slot geometries for continuous blowing

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Governing equations-(6)

 Third term of right-hand side.

4
Governing equations-(7)

 Combine the above marked terms and non-dimensionalizing the equation.

4
Result and Discussion

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Future work
 Extending force element theory to turbulent flow scenarios.

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Thank you for your listening