Review of Linear Mechanism of Wave

Emergence from Vortices in Smooth Shear

Flows

Reference: G. D. Chagelishvili, A. Tevzadze, G. Bodo, and S. S. Moiseev, “Linear mechanism of wave

emergence from vortices in smooth shear flows,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3178–3181 (1997)

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 Introduction and Objective
• The emergence of acoustic waves from vortices is used to study the
vortex acoustic interactions which has its application in understanding the
production of sonic bangs in aircrafts, destabilization of laminar flow by
acoustic waves etc.
• Non-Modal approach is used to study the waves produced as a result of
shear flow owing to the non-orthogonality of the eigenfunctions
produced.
• The review letter discusses the phenomenon of production of acoustic
waves in the presence of vortical perturbations of a 2-D shear flow set
up using a non- modal approach.

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 Formulation
A planar inviscid flow with uniform base density and a positive uniform velocity shear 𝑈𝑜 = 𝑈𝑜 𝐴𝑦, 0 .A linearized 2-D Euler
form of the Navier Stokes equation over the perturbed quantities is considered .

• 𝜕𝑡 + 𝐴𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜌′ + 𝜌𝑜 𝜕𝑥 𝑢𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 𝑢𝑦 = 0

• 𝜕𝑡 + 𝐴𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜌𝑜 𝑢𝑥 + 𝐴𝜌𝑜 𝑢𝑦 = −𝜕𝑥 𝑝′

• 𝜕𝑡 + 𝐴𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜌𝑜 𝑦 = −𝜕𝑦 𝑝′

The presence of the shear, prevents the flow disturbances from having a simple plane wave crest.

The Spatial Fourier Harmonics(SFH) are modelled such that the wave numbers have a temporal dependency. Also a coordinate
transformation is done to account for the effect of shear along the mean flow. ( X=x-Ayt , Y=y). The resulting SFH of the
disturbances are defined as

𝜓 𝑡 = 𝜓෨ 𝑘𝑥 , 𝑘𝑦 𝑡 , 𝑡 exp[𝑖𝑘𝑥 x+ 𝑘𝑦 𝑡 𝑦]

𝑘𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑘𝑦 0 − 𝑘𝑥 At

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 Non-dimensionalization and Conversion to ODE’s
• 𝜕𝜏 𝑑 = 𝑣𝑥 + 𝛽 𝜏 𝑣𝑦
• 𝜕𝜏 𝑣𝑥 = −𝑅𝑣𝑦 + d
• 𝜕𝜏 𝑣𝑦 = −𝛽 𝜏 𝑑𝑦
𝜌′
•𝑑 =𝑖
𝜌𝑜
𝐴
•𝑅 =
𝑐𝑠 𝑘𝑥
𝑘𝑦 (𝜏) 𝑘𝑦 0
•𝛽 𝜏 = ൗ𝑘𝑥 = − 𝑅𝜏 = 𝑅 𝜏 ∗ − 𝜏
𝑘𝑥
• V=u/𝑐𝑠
• 𝜏 = 𝑐𝑠 𝑘𝑥 𝑡

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 Numerical Setup
• Manipulation of the ordinary differential equations will result in the following second order
differential equation

𝛿𝜏2 𝑣𝑥 + 1 + 𝛽2 𝜏 𝑣𝑥 = 𝛽 𝜏 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (4)

• The solution for the above equation will be the sum of a general solution corresponding to
(𝑤)
homogeneous part(𝑣𝑥 − 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠 ) and a specific solution that is dependent on the
(𝑣)
initial condition(𝑣𝑥 − 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠).

(𝑣)
• The present study analyses the evolution of 𝑣𝑥 disturbances at high values of shear
(𝑤) 𝑘𝑦 (0)
parameter with the condition that 𝑣𝑥 =0 at the initial condition and >0
𝑘𝑥

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 Results
• The emergence of acoustic waves
were noticeable at high levels of
shear (R>0.3).
𝑘𝑦 (0)
• The initial condition of >0,
𝑘𝑥
causes the vortical disturbances to
extract energy from the mean flow
amplifying its aperiodic nature .
• At a certain time instant a
discontinuity can be noticed in the
vortical disturbances and the
emergence of acoustic waves is
noticed thereafter.
• The time corresponds to 𝛽 𝜏 ∗ = 0
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 Mathematical Description
• A trivial solution is obtained when the inhomogeneity constant goes to zero
at 𝛽 𝜏 ∗ = 0.

• These occurrence of this disconunity has been attributed to the emergence of

the acoustic waves.
• The function 𝑉𝑥 is a continuous function and in order to maintain that
continuity in the presence of the vortical disturbance disconunity, the general
solution corresponding to the acoustic waves are incorporated.
• The amplitude of the acoustic waves is gives as twice that of the vortical
disturbances.
• A shift in energy transfer is seen what the emergence of the acoustic waves
with the vortical perturbations giving energy to the mean flow while the
acoustic waves extract energy from the flow. 7