MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

NAME – ARCHANA RANI SINGH

ROLL NO- 1806106

SEMESTER- VI

BRANCH - ECE
WAVEGUIDE
& ITS
COMPONENTS

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-

SA.
WHAT IS A
WAVEGUIDE?
Waveguide is a hollow metallic tube
filled with air or lossless dielectric of
uniform cross section for
transmitting electromagnetic wave
by successive reflection from inner
wall of tube.
Perfect conductor

Perfect conductor
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-
SA.
 • 1 RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

• 2 CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE

TYPES OF • 3 ELLIPTICAL WAVEGUIDE

WAVEGUIDES
• 4 SINGLE-RIDGED WAVEGUIDE

• 5 DOUBLE-RIDGED
WAVEGUIDE
 σ=∞

+z σ = 0, µ, ε

RECTANGULAR -z

WAVEGUIDE a = broader dimension

b = smaller dimension

z axis is also called

: longitudinal axis
: guided axis
: axis of the waveguide
: direction of net wave
propagation.
 • A mode is defined as the certain
electromagnetic field pattern
which is present inside the
waveguide.

MODES & Types of modes

t
ITS TYPES 1) TM mode
2) TE mode
3) TEM mode
4) Hybrid mode (not in syllabus)
TM MODE:TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC
MODE
• If net wave propagation is in +z direction then in that case the magnetic field
will be always perpendicular to the net wave of direction of propagation.

• Hz=0
• Ez≠0
• Ex≠0
• Ey≠0 Ey
Hy Ez
• Hx≠0
• Hy≠0 Hx Ex
TE MODE :TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC
MODE
• If the net wave propagation is in +z direction then
in that case the electric field will always be
perpendicular to the net wave of direction of
propagation.
• Ez=0
• Ex≠0
• Ey≠0
• Hx≠0 Ey
Hz

• Hy≠0 Hy
Hx Ex
• Hz≠0
TEM MODE:TRANSVERSE
ELECTROMAGNETIC MODE
• If net wave propagation is in +z direction then in that case
both the
electric field and magnetic field will be
perpendicular to the net wave of propagation.

Ez=0
Hz=0
Ex≠0 Ey
Ey≠0
Hy
Hx≠0
Hx Ex
Hy≠0
HYBRID MODE
Ez≠0
Hz≠0
Hx≠0
Hy≠0 Ey
Hz≠0
Ez≠0

Ex≠0 Hy

Hx Ex
Ey≠0
 FIELD EQUATION IN TM MODE

x= 0 :Left wall
x= a :Right wall y=b
y= 0 :Bottom wall
y=b :Top wall Ey x=a
x=0
Ez
y=0
Hy
Applying Helmoltz equation -:
Ex Hx

𝟐 𝑬 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑬
 = propagation constant
offered to launched EM
wave inside the waveguide.
𝜸 = 𝒋𝜷 Ey
Ez
Because we are considering it
as lossless. Hy
Hx Ex

 Time harmonic
source
• ∇2 𝐸𝑥 𝑎ො𝑥 + ∇2 𝐸𝑦 𝑎ො𝑦 + ∇2 𝐸𝑧 𝑎ො𝑧 = 𝛾 2 𝐸𝜘 𝑎ො𝑥 +
𝛾 2 𝐸𝑦 𝑎ො𝑦 + 𝛾 2 𝐸𝑧 𝑎ො𝑧
From here we can write six scalar equation as -:

𝜵𝟐 𝑬𝒙 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑬𝒙 − 𝟏
𝜵𝟐 𝑬𝒚 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑬𝒚 − 𝟐
𝜵𝟐 𝑬𝒛 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑬𝒛 -- (3)
𝜵𝟐 𝑯𝒙 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑯𝒙 -- (4)
𝜵𝟐 𝑯𝒚 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑯𝒚 − 𝟓
𝜵𝟐 𝑯 = 𝜸𝟐 𝑯 − 𝟔

Now ,
from equation (3) we get -:

∂2 𝐸𝑧 ∂𝐸𝑧 ∂2 𝐸𝑧 2𝐸
+ + = 𝛾 𝑧
∂𝑥 2 ∂𝑦 2 ∂𝑧 2
 𝛾 = 𝑗𝜔 
𝛾 2 = −𝜔2 𝜇

Putting the values -:

𝝏 𝟐 𝑬𝒛 𝛛 𝟐 𝑬𝒛 𝛛 𝟐 𝑬𝒛 𝟐 𝝁𝜺𝑬 = 𝟎
+ + + 𝝎 𝒛
𝛛𝒙𝟐 𝛛𝒚𝟐 𝛛𝒛𝟐
To solve above partial differentiation equation we use variable separable
method-:

𝐸𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑋 𝜘 𝑌 𝑦 𝑍 𝑧 = 𝑋𝑌𝑍
ⅆ2 𝑋 ⅆ2 𝑌 ⅆ2 𝑍
𝑌𝑍 2 + 𝑋𝑍 2 + 𝑋𝑌 2 + 𝜔2 𝜇𝜀𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 0
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ𝑧
ⅆ2 𝑋 ⅆ2 𝑌 ⅆ2 𝑍
1/X + 1/𝑌 2 + 1/𝑍 2 + 𝜔2 𝜇𝜀 = 0
ⅆ𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ𝑧
1 ⅆ2 𝑋 ⅆ2 𝑋
2 = −𝐴2 → 2 + 𝐴2 𝑋 = 0 − − 𝐷2 + 𝐴2 𝑋 = 0
𝑋 ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥