8 5 18 15 4 15 20 21 19

HERODOTUS
13 1 14 21 19 3 18 9 16 20

MANUSCRIPT
1 18 20 9 6 1 3 20 19

ARTIFACTS
3 18 9 20 9 3 9 19 13

CRITICISM
3 18 5 4 9 2 9 12 9 20 25

CREDIBILITY
Importance and
Relevance of
History

• Defining History
• Historical Source
• Historical Criticism
 The Study Of History
History

 History is derived from the Greek word “historia” which

means “inquiry or research”.
 It is a study of chronological record of past events, as well as
the discovery, collection, organization and presentation of
information about these events which is based on the critical
examination of various sources and authentic materials.
 The Study Of History
History
History has been defined by different scholars in different connotations. Though the
words and languages used often are different in character, but the implications are
not so different fundamentally.

 Aristotle- History is a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena which

are arranged in their chronological order.

 Herodotus (Father of History)- Defined history as learning inquiry about the

past of mankind.

 E. H. Carr- Defines history as a never-ending dialogue of events between the

past and the present.
 Importance of Studying History
“Those who do not remember the past are

 In order to read the condemned to relive it”

 Learning about History
destiny of a people, it is -George Santayana
gives us a clearer picture of
necessary to open the our self-identity and the
book of the past. world we live in.

 Learning History is important to understand

how a particular region and its people have  The past significant historical
developed into what they are today and events can guide or influence
how they had an impact across the world. man to live a better life at present
and prepare him for the future.
Relevance of Studying History
 What is the use or relevance of studying Philippine History?

 Why are we concerned about what happened a long time ago?

“History is Inescapable”
Penelope J. Carfield
 Historical Sources
Manuscript Non-Written
Published Materials
Sources
are materials that
have been
are any handwritten or such as oral history,
published for public
typed record that has artifacts, ruins,
used, such as books,
not been printed such fossils, artworks,
magazines, reading
as archival materials, video and audio
journals,
memoirs and diaries. recordings.
travelogues, or
speech transcripts.
 Primary Sources
materials produced by people or groups
directly involved in the event or topic being
CATEGORIES
studied.
either participant or witnesses.
1. Written Sources- materials written
range from eyewitness accounts, diaries,
and/or published by a firsthand
letters, legal documents, and official
eyewitness or the participant.
documents (government or private) and even
2. Images- visual documents published or
photographs.
made by an aye witness or the participant.
3. Artifacts- materials made by a
firsthand eyewitness or participant
4. Oral Testimonies- documented
conversations written and/or published by
a firsthand eyewitness or the participant.
 Kinds of Primary Sources Used

F_ _ _il r_m_ _ns Fossil remains

_r_ _fa_ts _n_ R_in_ Artifacts and Ruins
R_ _al _ec_e_s _nd L_ _s Royal Decrees and Laws
O_ _ici_l R_ _or_s Official Reports
F_ _ar _ c _ou_ts Friar Accounts
Me_ _i_s Memoirs
_ _ _ume_ _ary _il_s Documentary Films
Ma_ _zin_s Magazines
_e_i_ _a_ive J_ _rn_ls Legislative Journals
Ch _ _ ni _les Chronicles
 Kinds of Primary Sources Used

Co_ _t R_ _ords Court Records

_p_ _ches Speeches
_er_ _nal L _t _ers Personal Letters
_ _ _gs Blogs
_e_ _rde_ In_ _r_ie_s Recorded Interviews
_ers_ _al Ac_ _un_s Personal Accounts
Ne_ _p_ _er Newspaper
Secondary Sources

Materials that analyze and interpret primary

sources
May have pictures, quotes, or graphics of
primary source in them.