Subject

Hydraulics
15 lecture

teacher: PhD Hajiyeva I.Y

Simple pipeline
calculation
Fluid flows from upper tank A to lower B, through a pipe of length l
and diameter d

рA
р В
• It is required to
determine the necessary
head loss in this pipeline.
• In tanks, the pressure is
respectively рА and рВ.
For sections 1-1 and 2-2 in tanks A and B,
we compose the Bernoulli equation, relative
to the surface 0-0, taken along the axis of
the pipe.
 Cross-sectional areas 1-1 and 2-2 in the tanks are large, and the speeds vА and vВ very small, we can take vА =
vВ.
Then :
h1-2 – total loss of head between sections
If we accept р = р , then to ensure fluid flow Q,
А В

difference in fluid levels in tanks

• fluid velocity in the pipe

Substituting, we get

В общем случае потери:

Serial connection of pipelines
 Series connected pipe include:
- 1,2,3 with various diameters and pipe lengths
- 4,5,6 local resistances.

Due to the non-compressibility of the fluid, in all

places of this pipeline, the flow rate will be the same:

Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q
 Total head loss is the sum of the head losses in
each pipe in series with the pipeline.

Based on the head loss equation, we write

 In general, the head loss will be

• in laminar mode n = 1,
• in turbulent mode 1< n ≤ 2
The total characteristic of pipeline sections in
series connection
Parallel Pipeline
 The pipeline is horizontal:
1, 2, 3 - pipelines,
4, 5, 6 - local resistance
Denote:
- full head HA and H at points A and B,
B

- total consumption Q,
- in parallel lines, the pressure loss is ∑h ¸ ∑h
1 2

and ∑h , costs Q ¸Q and Q , respectively.

3 1 2 3
• In this case, Q = Q + Q + Q1 2 3

• In each pipeline, pressure loss:

• ∑h = H - H ; ∑h = H - H ; ∑h = H - H .
1 A B 2 A B 3 A B

• Then
• ∑h = ∑h = ∑h .
1 2 3

• These head losses can be expressed in terms

of flow rate Q:
• K0i and n – depends on driving mode.
The total characteristic of the pipeline sections
in parallel connection