Branching pipe systems

Branching in pipes occur when water is brought by pipes to a junction when

more than two pipes meet.

This system must simultaneously satisfy two basic conditions:

1 – the total amount of water brought by pipes to a junction must equal to

that carried away from∑ Q=0
the junction by other pipes.

2 – all pipes that meet at the junction must share the same pressure at the
junction. Pressure at point J = P

Consider a case where three reservoirs are connected by a branched-pipe

system.

There are two types of Branching pipe problem:

1-

The problem is to determine the discharge in each pipe and the pressure head
at the junction (point J). Four unknowns:

Q in each pipe and P at J

Given:

All pipes parameters

All Tanks elevation

The solution based on:

1- Assuming the pressure at J and then estimate the value of hf in each pipe

2- Calculate the flow in each pipe and check ∑Q

3- try the last procedure until ∑ Q=0
2-

The problem is to determine the flow in two pipes and the pressure head at
the Junction J. Three unknown:

Q in two pipe and P at J

Given:

All pipes parameters

Q in a pipe

two Tanks elevation

The solution based on:

1- Determine the pressure at J by calculate hf in pipe with known Q

2- Estimate the value of hf in the other pipe

2- Calculate the flow in the other pipes

Example 1

In the following figure determine the flow in each pipe

Pipe CJ BJ AJ

Length m 2000 4000 1000

Diameter cm 40 50 30

f 0.022 0.021 0.024

Trial 1

ZP= 110m

Applying Bernoulli Equation between A , J :

L1 V 1 2 2
1000 V 1
Z A −Z P =f 1 . ⃗ 120−110=0 .024× ×
D1 2 g 0.3 2g

V1 = 1.57 m/s , Q1 = 0.111 m3/s

Applying Bernoulli Equation between B

,J:

V3 = 2.313 m/s , Q2 = - 0.291 m3/s

Trial 3
ZP= 90m

Draw the relationship between

∑Q and P
 Pipe Network

A water distribution system consists of complex interconnected pipes,

service reservoirs and/or pumps, which deliver water from the treatment plant
to the consumer. Water demand is highly variable, whereas supply is normally
constant. Thus, the distribution system must include storage elements, and
must be capable of flexible operation.

Pipe network analysis involves the determination of the pipe flow rates and
pressure heads at the outflows points of the network. The flow rate and
pressure heads must satisfy the continuity and energy equations.

The earliest systematic method of network analysis (Hardy-Cross Method) is

known as the head balance or closed loop method. This method is applicable
to system in which pipes form closed loops. The outflows from the system are
generally assumed to occur at the nodes junction.

For a given pipe system with known outflows, the Hardy-Cross method is an
iterative procedure based on initially iterated flows in the pipes. At each
junction these flows must satisfy the continuity criterion, i.e. the algebraic sum
of the flow rates in the pipe meeting at a junction, together with any external
flows is zero.
Pipes in Parallel

A combination of two or more pipes connected between two points so

that the discharge divides at the first junction and rejoins at the next is known
as pipes in parallel. Here the head loss between the two junctions is the same
for all pipes.

MEKANIKA FLUIDA
PIPA BERCABANG

OLEH

KELOMPOK 8

Retno Wulan S.

M. Faris Ihsan
M. Permana

Bytta Putri M.

Adistia Dian K.

Rezananda A.

M. Wafa