Lecturer: Muhammad Salim Chapter # 01 (Matrices)

Outlines:
 Types of Matrices
 Row Matrix
 Column Matrix
 Square Matrix
 Rectangular Matrix
 Zero Matrix
 Diagonal Matrix
 Scalar Matrix
 Unit Matrix
Types Of Matrices
Row Matrix: A matrix which has one and only one row in it said to be a row matrix.
For Examples:

Column Matrix: A matrix which has one and only one column in it is said to be a
column matrix.
For Examples:

Note: We are independent of columns in row matrix and independent of roes in

columns matrix.
Square Matrix: A matrix in which the number of rows and columns are same is
said to be a square matrix.
For Examples:
Rectangular Matrix: A matrix in which the number of rows and columns are not
same is said to be a rectangular matrix.
For Examples:

What a diagonal is?

Answer: A line segment which joins the opposite vertices (singular is vertex) of a
square or rectangle.
A B There are two diagonals and
Diagonal is called Leading, Main or Principal
Diagonal

C D
Zero Matrix: A matrix in which all the entries are zero.
For Examples:

Note: Zero matrix is also said to be a null matrix.

Generally, Zero matrix is represented by .
Diagonal Matrix: A square matrix in which the main diagonal elements are non-
zero but all other elements are zero.
For Examples:

Scalar Matrix: A diagonal matrix in which main diagonals are same.

For Examples:

Identity Matrix: A diagonal matrix in which the main diagonal elements are one.
For Examples:
Interesting Points to be Noted:
i. Every scalar matrix is said to be diagonal matrix but not conversely (every
diagonal matrix is not scalar)
ii. Every Identity matrix is said to be scalar matrix but not conversely.
iii. Every identity matrix is said to be diagonal but not conversely.
iv. Identity matrix is generally represented by
v. Identity matrix is also said to be a Unit matrix.
vi. The matrix is Row, Column, Diagonal and Square Matrix.