Combined Science - Chemistry - Key Stage 4

Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table

Separation by distillation

Dr Patel
Key equipment slide

In today’s lesson you will need:

● A pen
● A pencil
● A ruler
● A periodic table

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3
Agenda

Recap changes in state

Describe the process of distillation

Explain the process of distillation using particle theory

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Recap changes in state
 Warm up
Name the processes A, B, C and D
A B

Solid Liquid Gas

C D
Image by Dr Patel

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 Warm up review

A = melting B = evaporating

Solid Liquid Gas

C = freezing D = condensing
Image by Dr Patel

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Describing the method of distillation.
Distillation

● Separate two liquids with different

boiling points

● Heat to boiling point of one liquid. This

solution evaporates.

● Collect gas and condense into new

container
Source of image referenced at the end
Separating a mixture of ethanol and water
Describe how ethanol, with a boiling point of 79 oC, is separated from water?

Boiling point of water

Ethanol condenses in = 100 oC
condenser

Ethanol has the lower

boiling point, 79 oC

Heat &
evaporate/ Liquid ethanol collected
vaporise in beaker (distillate)

Source of image referenced at the end

Name the technique used to separate a mixture of two
liquids.

Distillation
Complete the sentence:
In order for a mixture of two liquids to be separated,
they must have different b___________ p_________.

Boiling points
What is the boiling point of water?

100 Co
Name the apparatus in which a gas turns into a liquid
during distillation.

Condenser
What is the name of the liquid that is collected at the
end of distillation?

Distillate
True or false: The correct order for the three main
steps for distillation are:

1.Heat to vaporise
2.Collect distillate False
3.Cool and condense
Independent practice
1. A student wants to separate a mixture of ink and water. The boiling point of ink is 55 oC.
Describe the method that the student should use to separate this mixture.

Support:
● During stage A, you need to _____ the mixture so it...
● During stage B, __________ evaporates first because...
C ● During stage C...
● During stage D....
B
Key words you must include: Mixture, heat, distillate, condense,
A
A D condenser, boiling point, evaporate

Source of image referenced at the end

Review - question 1
- During stage A, you need to heat the mixture so the ink can vaporise or evaporate.
- During stage B, ink evaporates first because ink has a lower boiling point (55 oC) than water.
- During stage C, the vaporised ink will enter the condenser and will be cooled. As it cools, it will
condense back into a liquid.
- During stage D, the condensed liquid, known as distillate will be collected in a flask/beaker/test
tube/conical flask.
- The water remains in the original flask because it hasn’t reached its boiling point.
Independent practice

Explain why filtration cannot be used to separate a mixture of two liquids.

If both substances are a liquid, they will both pass through the filter so they will not
be separated. If the two liquids have different boiling points then the two liquids can be
separated by distillation.
Explaining distillation using particle theory
Explaining distillation using particle theory
Liquid Gas Liquid

A A.Evaporate B. Condense

● Gain energy ● Lose energy

● Move faster ● Move slower
● Move further apart ● Move closer
together

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What happens to the MOVEMENT of particles when they
are HEATED?
A B
They move faster They move slower

Option
C 3 Option
D 4

They start moving They stop moving

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What happens to the ENERGY of particles when they are
HEATED?
A B
They gain energy They lose energy

Option
C 3 Option
D 4

They have no energy They have the same energy

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What happens to the ARRANGEMENT of particles when
they are HEATED?
A B
The move closer together They move faster

Option
C 3 Option
D 4

They move further apart They stay the same distance apart

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What happens to the MOVEMENT of particles when they
are COOLED?
A B
They move faster They move slower

Option
C 3 Option
D 4

They start moving They stop moving

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What happens to the ENERGY of particles when they are
COOLED?
A B
They gain energy They lose energy

Option
C 3 Option
D 4

They have no energy They have the same energy

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What happens to the ARRANGEMENT of particles when
they are COOLED?
A B
They move closer together They move faster

Option
C 3 Option
D 4

They move further apart They stay the same distance apart

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Independent practice
Explain what happens to the movement, energy and arrangement of particles during the process
of distillation
Liquid Gas Liquid

Image by Dr Patel

A.Evaporate B. Condense
Support:
● When the liquids are heated during step A, the liquid evaporates because particles have ________
energy. This means they move_______ and their arrangement changes so that the particles are
__________ ________.
Review
Use the diagram to explain what happens to the movement, energy and arrangement of particles
during the process of distillation

Answer
When the liquids are heated during step A, the liquid evaporates because particles have more energy.
This means the particles move faster and their arrangement changes so that the particles are further
apart.

When the liquids are cooled during step B, the gas condenses because particles have less energy. This
means the particles move slower and their arrangement changes so that the particles are closer
together.
Recap

Recap changes in state

Describe the process of distillation

Explain the process of distillation using particle theory

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References
● Slide [9, 10, 18 and 22] - [Wikimedia Commons] - [Quantockgoblin] - [Simple distillation
apparatus]

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