Toolsintheworkshop 151125195351 Lva1 App6891

Tools and actions at the
workshop
de Tecnología
gabriela-teacher.blogspot.com
Drawing tools
To draw the pieces of a project, we always need
our set squares, ruler or measuring tape and
our pencil. We may also need a protractor.
We need to draw accurately (precisely).

Hammer / Nails
We use the hammer to drive nails.
Nails are made out of iron.

Claw hammer
We use the claw hammer to remove nails.
Screwdrivers
We use the screwdrivers to drive screws.
This is a phillips screwdriver.
This is a flat screwdriver.

Screws
Screws are used to hold pieces. There are many
types of screws made out of different metals.
Screws can have flat head or phillips head.

Screw and unscrew
Counterclockwise
Clockwise
When we screw we When we unscrew we

drive the screw in. drive the screw out.
Bolts and nuts
Bolts are specific screws that need a nut
to
fasten pieces.
Bolt
Nut
Washer
When working s screws
with and bolts, we
sometimes need washers. Washers can have
many differents functions.
Gimlet
Gimlets are used to drill small holes manually.
File
Files are used to file or rasp wood or metal and
make it smooth.
Sandpaper
We use sandpaper to sand or rasp wood or
metal and make it smooth. It can also be used
to remove paint.
Bench vice
We use abench vice to secure
an object when we are going to cut, file,
drill, glue…
Wood glue
We use wood glue to join or
glue pieces of wood.
Thermal glue
We use thermal glue to join or
glue pieces of different materials.
We use a
thermal glue gun
to apply the glue.
This is a very dangerous

tool.
Column drill
We use the column drill to make holes in
different materials.
The
bits are
metal that make the holes.
the
pieces of
Electric saw
The saw is used to cut different
electric
materials. The blade is the piece
of metal that cuts
the material.
Fretsaw
The fretsaw is used to cut thin materials such as
plywood, cardboard or plastics.
The fretsaw
blades thin and
are
fragile. very
WORKSHOP PRACTICE
Measurement
● Measurement means to compare something

with standard.
● E.g. measuring length of a wire, diameter of a
cylinder, depth of any object.
● The SI unit of length is meter (base unit).
● Its multiples and sub-multiples are given in
the table.
Meter and its sub-multiples
Prefix Symbol Relationship with

Meter (base
unit)
meter m 1m = 1 m
deci dm 1dm = 10-1 m
centi cm 1cm = 10-2 m
milli mm 1mm = 10-3 m
micro µm 1 µm = 10-6 m
nano nm 1nm = 10-9 m
pico pm 1pm = 10-12 m

Meter and its multiples
Prefix Symbol Relationship with

meter
deca da 1 dam = 101 m
hecto h 1 hm = 102 m
kilo k 1 km = 103 m
mega M 1 Mm = 106 m
giga G 1 Gm = 109 m
Measuring Tools
● Vernier caliper
● Vernier caliper is a measuring device used to measure
precise increments between two points.
● Micrometer
● Micrometer is a measuring device used for precisely
measuring thickness, inner and outer diameter, depth of slots.
● SWG
● A gauge for measuring the diameter of wire, usually
consisting of a long graduated plate with similar slots
along its edge.
Vernier caliper
● Function
● To measure smaller distances
● Can measure up to .001 inch or .01mm.
● Features
● Larger, lower jaws are designed to measure outer points
e.g. diameter of a rod.
● Top jaws are designed to measure inside points e.g. size of a
hole.
● A rod extends from the rear of the caliper and can be used to
measure the depth.
Structure of Vernier caliper
Structure of the Vernier caliper
● Main Scale
● Main scale is graduated in cm and mm.
● Vernier Scale
● It slides on the main scale.
● On Vernier scale 0.9cm is divided into 10 equal parts.
● Jaws
● Two inside jaws (Upper)
● Two outside jaws (Lower)
Least Count
● Least count (L.C) is the smallest reading we can

measure with the instrument.
● L.C = one main scale division – one
vernier scale division
L.C = 1mm – 0.09mm
L.C = 0.1mm = 0.01cm
● Least Count = Value of the smallest division on MS/
Total number of division on VS
L.C = 1mm / 10 = 0.1 cm / 10 = 0.01cm
How to use Vernier caliper?
• Close the jaws
• Calculate the least count
• Place the object between
the two jaws
• Record the position of zero
of Vernier scale on the Main
scale (3.2cm)
• Notice the reading of VS
which coincides with MS
reading (3rd division in this
case)
Vernier Caliper
Vernier Reading
 The Reading steps are as follows
1. Read the number of whole inches one the main scale that appear
to the left of 0 on the vernier.
2. Read the highest numbered graduation on the main scale that lies
to the right of the index(0) on the vernier scale. Read these
graduations as even one hundred mil(0.100, 0.200, etc).
3. Read the highest number of whole minor divisions to the right of

the index. Read these graduations as even twenty-five mil
(0.000,0.025,0.050 and 0.075 in.). Add to the sum of steps one
and two (1.125,1.150 in., etc.).
4. Now find the vernier graduation that most perfectly coincides with
any graduation on the main scale. That is the nearest mil and may
be any whole number from zero to 25(0.000, 0.001,
….0.024,0.025). Add this to the sum of the previous three steps.
Sample Picture
The following table provides an overview about the basic units and their
symbols. Fill in the right units and the symbols.

Find the right numbers for the definitions given in order to convert measurements
from the imperial to the metric system and from °C to °F and vice versa.

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Tools and actions at the

We need to draw accurately (precisely).

Nails are made out of iron.

This is a phillips screwdriver.

This is a flat screwdriver.

Screws can have flat head or phillips head.

When we screw we When we unscrew we

This is a very dangerous

● Measurement means to compare something

Prefix Symbol Relationship with

deci dm 1dm = 10-1 m

centi cm 1cm = 10-2 m

milli mm 1mm = 10-3 m

nano nm 1nm = 10-9 m

pico pm 1pm = 10-12 m

Prefix Symbol Relationship with

deca da 1 dam = 101 m

● Least count (L.C) is the smallest reading we can

3. Read the highest number of whole minor divisions to the right of

symbols. Fill in the right units and the symbols.

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