EE101

Calculus and Analytical

Geometry 2

Volumes of Solids of Revolution

premkumar@ucsiuniversity.edu.my
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
 n
V   A( xk ).xk
k 1
n b
V  lim  A( xk ).xk   A( x)dx
n 
k 1 a
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Example 1
Solution:
The area is
A( x)  x 2

The square lie on the planes from x  0 to x  3

Thus, the volume is

3
3 3
x 
3
V   A( x) x   x x     9m
3
2

0 0  3 0
 Disc Method
~Stack of
Pancakes method
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Rotation about x-axis

Example 2

The region between

the curve y  x ,
0  x  4, and the
x - axis is revolved about
the x - axis to generate
a solid. Find its volume.
 b
Solution: V    [ R ( x)] dx 2

a
4
   [ x ] dx 2

0
4
   x dx
0
4
x  2
 
 2 0
 8
Rotation about the horizontal axis
Example 3
Find the volume of
the solid generated
by revolving the
region bounded by y  x
and the lines x=1,
x=4, about the line
y=1.
 4
V    [ R ( x)] 2 x
Solution: 1

 
4
2
 x  1 dx
1
4
   ( x  2 x  1) dx
1
4
x x  
2 3/ 2
    2   x 
2  3 / 2  1
4
x 4 3/ 2 
2
    x  x
2 3 1
7
 
6
Rotation about y-axis
Example 4
 4
Solution: V    [ R ( y )] dy
2

1
4 2
2
     dy
1 
y
4
4
   2 dy
1
y
4
 1
 4  
 y 1
 3
Rotation about vertical axis
Example 5

Find the volume of the solid

generated by revolving the region
between the parabola x  y  1
2

and the line x=3 about the line

x=3.
Solution:
2
V    2 2
[ 2 y ] dy
 2
2
   
2 4
[ 4 4 y y ]dy
 2

64 2

15
 Washer Method
~Stack of Donuts
method
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Rotation about x-axis
Example 6
Solution:
1. Draw the region and sketch a line segment across it
perpendicu lar to the axis of revolution .
2. Find the outer and inner radius of the washer th at would
be swept out by the line segment if it were revolved about
the x - axis along the region.
Outer radius : R(x)  - x  3
Inner radius : r(x)  x 2  1
3. Find the limits of integratio n by finding the
x - coordinate s of the intersecti on points of the
curve and line.
x2 1  x  3
x2  x  2  0
x  2, x  1
 b
V    ([ R( x)]  [r ( x)] ) dx
2 2

a
1
   ((  x  3)  ( x  1) ) dx
2 2 2

2

117 

5
Rotation about y-axis
Example 7
Solution:

R( y )  y; r ( y)  y / 2
d
V    ([ R ( y )]  [ r ( y )] ) dy
2 2


 y 
4 2
2  y
     dy
 2 
0  
8
 
3
Q 1 (Washer Method)
Volumes by
Cylindrical Shells
Derivation of Cylindrical Shells Formula

V  (area of base) . (height)

 (r2  r1 )h
2 2

  (r2  r1 )( r2  r1 )h
 r2  r1 
 2  h(r2  r1 )
 2 
 2 .(average radius).(h eight).(th ickness)
 2rhr
When the solid cylindrical spread into flat plane (2D), it
looks like figure below.

V  2rh r
 One way to remember the Cylindrical Shells
equation, is to imagine cutting and unrolling a
cylindrical shell to get a (nearly) flat rectangular
solid

Almost a rectangular solid

V ≈ length x height x thickness

≈ 2πx. f(x). dx
Cylindrical Shells
To find the volume of a solid of revolution, cylindrical shells method better than
washer method, as it does not require squaring.

• Revolve the tinted

region about the y-axis
to generate a solid.

• To estimate the volume

of the solid, we can
approximate the region
with rectangles based on
a partition of the
interval [a, b] over
which the region stands.
When the revolved solid spreads into flat plane

Revolving at x-axis
Revolving at y-axis
The Shell Formula for Revolution About the y-axis
The volume of the solid generated by revolving the
region between the x-axis and the graph of a continuous
function y = f(x) ≥ 0, 0 ≤ a ≤ x ≤ b, about the y-axis is

b b
V   2 Shell radius Shell height dx   2 .x. f ( x )dx
a a

Equation above is for vertical axes of revolution. For horizontal axes,

we replace the x’s with y’s.
Example 8
Question:
The region bounded by the curve y = , the x-axis, and the line x = 4 is
revolved about the y-axis to generate a solid. Find the volume of the
solid.

Solution:
1. Sketch the region and draw a line segment across it parallel to the
axis of revolution. Label the segment’s height (shell height) and
distance from the axis of revolution (shell radius). The width of the
segment is the shell thickness dx.
2. Find the limit of integration: x runs from a = 0 to b = 4.
 The Shell Formula for Revolution About
the x-axis

𝑑 𝑑
𝑉 =∫ 2 𝜋 ( 𝑆h𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 ) ( 𝑆h𝑒𝑙𝑙 h𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡 ) dy =∫ 2 𝜋 . 𝑦 . 𝑓 ( 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑐 𝑐

( for f(y) ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ c ≤ y ≤ d )

Example 9
The region bounded by the curve y = , the x-axis and the line x = 4 is
revolved about the x-axis to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.

Solution:

Step 1 – Sketch the region and draw a line segment across it parallel to the axis of
revolution. Label the segment’s length (shell height) and distance from the axis of
revolution (shell radius). The width of the segment is the shell thickness dy.
Step 2 – Identify the limits of integration: y runs from c = 0 to d = 2.
Step 3 – Integrate to find the volume.
How to Use the Shell Method
Regardless of the position of the axis of revolution (horizontal or
vertical), the steps for implementing of the shell method are these:

1. Draw the region and sketch a line segment across it parallel to the axis of
revolution. Label the segment’s height or length (shell height), distance from
the axis of revolution (shell radius), and width (shell thickness).
2. Find the limits of integration.
3. Integrate the product 2π (shell radius) (shell height) with respect to the
appropriate variable (x or y) to find the volume.
Example 10

The region in the first quadrant bounded by the parabola

y = x2, the y-axis, and the line y = 1 is revolved about the
line x = 2 to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
Example 11:

The region enclosed by the x-axis and the parabola y = f(x) = 3x – x2 is revolved
about the vertical line x = -1 to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
Washer vs. Shells
Extra Exercises
Use the shell method to find the volume of the solids generated by revolving the
shaded region about the indicated axis.
THANK YOU