Separating methods

OF learning Assessment
By the end of this lesson you will be able to:

•Recognise Gravity Separation, Sieving, Magnetic Separation and

Centrifuging as separating techniques which involve insoluble
particles.

•Know some everyday situations that involve insoluble substance

separations i.e. Gravity Separation – Gold Panning, Sieving – a
colander in the kitchen, Magnetic Separation – in mining industry,
Centrifuging – spin cycle of washing machine.
FILTRATION: The separation of ____________
insoluble

substances (solid or liquid from a liquid or gas) using a

____________with
barrier
small holes in it that
through
some of the particles can _______ _____, but
fit

not others. fit, barrier, through, insoluble

 Gravity Separation: Decanting

Decanting a liquid from a solid pours off the

liquid to leave the solids behind.
 Gravity Separation: Decanting
Decantation Gravity
______________ is a type of __________ separation that
lets suspensions of solids or liquids separate naturally.
Top
The ___________layer can then be poured or scraped off
settle
after being left to _____________.

Decantation
Gravity
Top
settle
 Gravity Separation: Sieving
A sieve is a barrier with holes in it. Small
particles can get through, but large ones
cannot.

Copy the sentence above then give your own

example of a sieve.
 Magnetic separation
Magnetic
___________ separation allows magnetic
Metals
_____________ (iron, nickel, cobalt and steel)
Removed
to be __________from piles of non-magnetic
materials.
Metals Removed Magnetic

Magnetic separation is widely used in the mining industry, in the scrap metal business
and in recycling.

One way of recycling scrap is to feed it into a magnetic rotating drum. The magnetic
materials are attracted to the drum and are removed from the flow of rubbish, which
passes straight through. The collected metals can then be recycled.
 Centrifuging
A common use of a centrifuge is in the spin cycle on a
washing machine, in which the clothes are spun very fast
in the bowl.

Water is forced out of the clothes and through the holes

in the bowl. It then drains away and is pumped out of the
machine.
 Centrifuging
Centrifuge Different
A ___________ separates substances of _________
spinning
density by _______________ very fast around a shaft.

Any tiny particles suspended in the liquid are

__________
Forced to the ___________and
Sides then the bottom
of each chamber.

Different
spinning
Sides
Forced
Centrifuge
 Chromatography
chromatography is a process
that can separate a mixture
by making it move through
another substance like a
paper strip.

Water is a solvent, dissolving the

dyes from ink or foods, and
carrying the colours with it as it
moves up the paper.

Chromatography works because all

the chemicals in the mixture you
are trying to separate are
attracted to the paper by
different amounts. Copy the definition for chromatography
 PRACTICAL: Centrifuge Chromatography

Experiment 1:
1 Cut four blank strips of paper. Each strip should be a few centimetres taller than your beaker.
2 Across two of the paper strips, make a line with the felt-tip pen 3 cm from the end. Repeat this
for two coloured textas.

3 Set up the paper as shown. It is best to put 5omL water in first. The water level must be
below the coloured line on the paper.
4 When the water has almost reached the top of each strip, take the strips out and let them
dry (Stick them into your book)
PRACTICAL: Centrifuge Chromatography

Experiment 2:
1.Add equal amounts of natural orange juice to two centrifuge test tubes.
2.Place them on either side of a centrifuge like the one in diagram 2.
 Evaporation
Heat
Evaporation
____________ is the process in which __________causes a _________
Liquid into a __________. ThisGas
to change leaves behind any solutes that
were dissolved in the liquid.

EvaporationBunsen
can be sped up by heating the mixture over a ___________
Burner
__________or hotplate.
Solvent
When evaporation is used, the ___________is
Solute lost to the atmosphere.
This means only the ______ can be collected.

The solute oftencrystallisation

forms crystals in a process called _________________.

Evaporation Bunsen Burner

Gas Solvent
Liquid Solute
Heat crystallisation
 Distillation
USE the Snipping tool to copy the image below
from pg 141 of the textbook.

USES OF DISTILLATION:
To produce concentrated Alcohol: For example,
alcohol has a boiling point of 78°C while water
boils at 100°C. These two liquids can therefore
be separated by distillation. All the alcohol will
evaporate off from the mixture first (at 78°C),
leaving the water behind. The water will then
evaporate off at 100°C, leaving behind
whatever solute was dissolved in it.

Separating crude oil into petrol, diesel, lubricating

oils and other components

Removing impurities from drinking water

Separating oxygen, nitrogen and argon from air for

industrial use.
 Distillation
Condensation
_______________is Gas
the process in which a ____cools to form a liquid.

Distillation uses both evaporation and condensation to separate

substances.

Evaporated
Liquid
In distillation the __________ solvent gas is condensed back into a
___________so that it can be collected.
boiling
Distillation is able to separate several liquids from each other if they have
different __________points.
Condensation
Evaporated
Gas
Liquid
boiling
Adsorption
Adsorption
_________ occurs when chemicals are removed from a mixture
Outsideof another chemical
by sticking to the ___________surface
such as carbon.

Adsorption
water is usually used to separate chemicals from
______________and air.
Adsorption Outside water

Adsorption is used to purify air

and water. It is used where there
are dangerous gases around, such
as in fires, mine shafts and
industrial spills. The workers wear
protective masks with filters that
can adsorb the gases.
 OF Learning Assessment: Separation
methods Assessment OF learning

For each mixture listed in the table below, identify a method of separation that will recover only
one of the substances and a method that will recover both of them.
Choose from the following methods of separation – use your text book to help you!
filtration decantation distillation evaporation
cyclonic magnetic sieving gravity
adsorption chromatography centrifuging electrostatic