ARCH273 .

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION I

Shahinaz Abouhaikal
Batoul Kojok
Hana Olleik
Jawad Aidibi
Ali Turkmani
Majd Al Maoush
Definition of concrete
A hard strong building material made by mixing a
cementing material (such as Portland cement) and a
mineral aggregate (such as sand and gravel) with sufficient
water to cause the cement to set and bind the entire mass
 Composition of concrete (%)
The commonly used mixing ratios for regular concrete
are (0.8 m3 gravel + 0.4 m3 sand + 250 kg cement +
(160 - 180) liters of water). While in reinforced
concrete, the percentage of cement is increased to 350
kg (instead of 250 kg in the previous mixture). This
mixture gives the concrete a resistance of no less than
250 kg/cm2 after 28 days.
UNIT SIZES
Typically, concrete masonry units
have nominal face dimensions of 8 in.
(203 mm) by 16 in. (406 mm),
available in nominal thicknesses of 4,
6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 in. (102, 152,
203, 254, 305, 356, and 406 mm).
Grades of concrete
Cement
 Cement is a building material for binding bricks, stones or aggregates.
 Used for making concrete. mortar or Cements natural and artificial.
 Natural cement-burning and crushing of stones and lime.
 Artificial cement-burning at high temperature and gypsum is added.

Raw Material
TYPES OF CEMENTS
THE PORTLAND AND N PORIAD CEMENTS GENERALLY USED ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• ORDINARY PORTLAN CEMENT
• RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT
• LOW HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT
• SULPHATE RESISTING CEMENT
• BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENT
• MASONRY CEMENT
• WHITE AND COLOURED PORTLAND CEMENT
• AIR ENTRAINING CEMENTPORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT
• HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT
• OIL WELL CEMENT
• QUICK SETTING CEMENT
• HYDROPHOBIC CEMENT
• EXPANSIVE CEMENT
 Ordinary portland cement•
- Most commonly used cement
- Moderate strength
- Less heat of hydration but does not cause any defect.
- Mainly used in pavements and buildings.
- Normal setting time.(initial setting 30mins, final setting
8hrs, hardening in 3days)
 Rapid hardening cement 。
-hardens in 1 day.
-Stronger than OPC
-light weight, extra fine
- Mainly used in highways, under water structures and in
cold weather areas.
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