Dept.

of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ADVANCING RENEWABLE ENERGY

INTEGRATION:A COMPARATIVE REVIEW
OF SOLAR AND WIND POWER
INTEGRATION INTO ELECTRICITY GRIDS

Presented by- Guided by-

Sreejith P R – LASI20EC080 Mrs.Jaimy James(Asst. professor)
Mrs.Anju George(Asst.professor)
Dept of ECE, ASIET

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CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 RENEWABLE ENERGY OVERVIEW
 ELECTRICITY GRIDS
 SOLAR POWER INTEGRATION
 WIND POWER INTEGRATION
 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
 CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
 CASE STUDIES
 FUTURE TRENDS
 CONCLUSIONS

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INTRODUCTION

• Welcome to the presentation on "Advancing Renewable Energy Integration: A

Comparative Review of Solar and Wind Power Integration into Electricity Grids."
• In this seminar we explore the dynamic landscape of renewable energy integration,
with a specific focus on two key sources: solar and wind power.
• Our aim is to cut into the unique challenges and opportunities presented by these
renewable energy sources and understand their impact on our electricity grids,
environment, and future.
• We will provide insights into the transformative potential of solar and wind power,
fostering a deeper understanding of their integration into our energy systems.
• Together, we will uncover the key factors driving renewable energy integration, as we
embark on a journey toward a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY OVERVIEW [2]

• Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy or green energy, is derived from
naturally occurring and replenishable sources
• It is an essential component of the global transition towards a more sustainable and
environmentally friendly energy landscape
• It is more sustainable
• It is environmental friendly
• And by using renewable energy we can become energy independent
• Many renewable technologies are energy efficient making them a reliable and cost
effective solution
• Examples of renewable energy are
– Solar
– Wind
– Hydropower
– Geothermal
– Biomass

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ELECTRICITY GRIDS

• Electricity grids or power grids are used for the generation , distribution and supply of
electrical energy to homes , industries and businesses etc.
• These grids play a crucial role in modern society by enabling the efficient and reliable
transfer of electricity from power generation sources to end-users.
• Electricity grids plays a crucial role in energy distribution systems
• It is used for the energy transport
• It is used to access to remote areas
• It is used for grid integration
• It is a reliable system
• It is used for voltage regulation
• It helps with economical growth
• It is energy efficient

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SOLAR POWER INTEGRATION [1]

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SOLAR POWER INTEGRATION

• Solar power integration is a technology that allows large scale solar power produced
from PV or CSP system to penetrate to the existing grid
• This technology requires careful attention in the regions of solar component
manufacturing , installations and operations
• Photovoltaic plant which uses PV modules to feed into grid
• The system consists of different components but the basic component is the inverter
used for integration
• Other components included are solar modules, generator junction box, meters, grid
connection and DC and AC cabling
• The inverter used here is to invert the direct current output in to alternating current.
• Inverters are required to supply constant voltage and frequency, despite varying load
conditions, and need to supply or absorb reactive power in the case of reactive loads
• Inverters do reconcile the systems with each other and to feed the solar power into the
grid with the highest possible efficiency

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WIND ENERGY INTEGRATION [3]

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WIND ENERGY INTEGRATION

• In this figure it shows the voltage levels to which the wind turbines can be
connected
• Small turbines can be connected to distribution network over a voltage
of .4kV to 33kV
• If the group is large we can move to higher voltage level 66kV in case of
onshore farms
• Finally many offshore wind turbines connected to voltage levels higher
than 100kV

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY

• Advantages • Consistency • High energy

• Scalability output
• Rooftop potential • Predictable
• Low maintenance locations
• Large scale
potential
• No fuel costs
• Challenges • Intermittency • Intermittency
• Energy storage • Space and
• Land use aesthetics
• No fuel costs • Noise and
wildlife impact
• Initial investment

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY

• Commonalities • Intermittency • Intermittency
• Clean and • Clean and
renewable renewable
• Sustainable • Sustainable
growth growth
• Grid integration • Grid integration

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CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY

INTEGRATION
• Output power prediction : climatic factors (temperature and solar irradiation) directly
affect the PV power generation
• PV modeled using a different number of diodes (single, double, and triple) and resistances
(series and parallel) to incorporate the impact of climatic factors in power generation
• Voltage stability : To obtain a flat voltage profile with minor deviations, a constant
source of power that is adaptable to the changes in the network is required
• Unfortunately, solar PV plants do not possess the necessary characteristics, as the average
hours (average peak sun-hours) under perfect conditions are from three to six hours
• The PV generator, location, and penetration to transmission networks, as possible
solutions to voltage instability issues. The authors concluded that the proper selection of
the mentioned factors improves the system’s overall voltage profile
• However, the voltage stability analysis and enhancement are still the prime concerns of
the decision-makers and researchers considering bulk penetration of PV power into the
networks.
• Therefore, further studies are required to quantify the impact of solar PV penetration on
the grids and come up with appropriate solutions.

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CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY INTEGRATION

• Frequency response : The integration of PV systems into the grids increases the
probability of an imbalance between generation and demand due to their intermittent
nature
• This load demand and generation mismatch may lead to frequency fluctuation in the
networks that causes partial or total loss of electrical supply
• The impact of increased PV share that accelerated the rate of change of frequency
(ROCOF) and might lead to the system collapse during natural overloads
• More than 40% penetration of solar PV generation leads to the collapse of the systems
during the worst contingency case due to the loss of inertia
• The authors exploited explored energy storage systems (ESS) to enhance system
frequency response even under bulk PV penetration
• However, the penetration of intermittent RER will be higher in the future, leading to
the decrease of the system inertia, and the impact analysis and control strategy for
frequency response improvement will be crucial
• Further investigation for their proper mitigation in this field is necessary

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CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR WIND ENERGY

INTEGRATION

• Output power prediction: there is no ideal strategy for the prediction of wind energy,
as it is one of the most challenging meteorological items to be forecasted.
• The physical approach based on weather information (temperature, pressure, altitude,
terrain, and others.) taken from various observation stations scattered in geographic
areas modeled using dynamic equations (quasi-geostrophic theory, primitive equations,
and others)
• The most famous predictive model called numerical weather prediction . One
hindrance of this methodology is that it requires more calculation time, and is therefore
inappropriate in short-term forecasting.
• Voltage stability: the fluctuation of wind power output causes voltage fluctuations and
flickers that depend on the variation of wind speed and type of generation system

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CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR WIND ENERGY

INTEGRATION

• The deployment of the variable-speed wind turbines can smooth 75% of the voltage
fluctuations produced by fixed speed turbines
• Main problems of this technology is its inability to meet the requirements of the
network (grid codes) as it does not depend on the power electronics to connect with the
network, which in turn are responsible for the control of reactive power and terminal
voltage
• Frequency response: the addition of an auxiliary controller to the wind turbine central
control unit can change the torque set point to make it adaptable to the variation of grid
frequency by taking advantage of the wind turbine mass during a disturbance.

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CASE STUDIES

Jiuquan Wind Power Base/Gansu Wind Farm, China

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CASE STUDY

• It is the largest windfarm in the world

• In first phase completed in 2010 it generated 5.16GW power

• When finished it can comprise of 7000 wind turbines

• By 2021 the farm generated 10GW

• When it is completed it can generate 20GW power

• It costs US $15 Billion for creation

• It is the largest onshore windfarm in the world

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CASE STUDIES

Cochin international airport limited

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CASE STUDIES

• The CIAL Solar Power Project is a 40 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station built at
Cochin International Airport, India, by the company Cochin International Airport Limited
(CIAL).
• Cochin International Airport became the first fully solar powered airport in the world with the
commissioning the plant
• The plant comprises 92,150 solar panels laid across 94 acres near the international cargo
complex. The plant has been installed and commissioned by the India-based Ammini Group
• It is capable of generating 100,000 units of electricity daily, and is equipped with a supervisory
control and data acquisition system (SCADA), through which remote monitoring is carried out
and the project valued around Rs. 260 Crores(2016)
• 8000 numbers of monocrystalline modules of 250Wp with thirty three numbers of 60 kW
capacity Delta make string inverters were used in this plant, which is the first Megawatt scale
installation of Solar PV system in the State of Kerala

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FUTURE TRENDS

• Hybrid systems: increasing adoption of hybrid systems that combine both solar and
wind to ensure more consistent power generation
• Artificial intelligence (AI): the use of AI for optimizing renewable energy integration,
grid management, and predictive analytics for improved forecasting.
• Grid modernization: ongoing efforts to modernize aging electricity grids to
accommodate the integration of renewable energy sources efficiently.
• Interconnected grids: integration of regional and national grids to facilitate the sharing
of renewable energy resources across larger geographic areas.
• Increased capacity: expansion of solar and wind capacity, with larger and more
efficient installations to meet growing energy demands.
• Innovative financing models: the development of new financing models, like green
bonds and public-private partnerships, to fund renewable energy integration

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CONCLUSION

• In this seminar we go into details about solar and wind energy integration into
transmission grids
• We studied about the advantages and challenges with the integration of renewable
technologies into transmission grids
• We studied about the challenges and there solutions in this seminar
• And we compared both solar and wind power and obtained the idea about the common
things in both
• Presented case studies on both wind and solar energy
• Explained future trends that is going to happen in coming decades

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REFERENCE
[1] M. Shafiullah, S. D. Ahmed and F. A. Al-Sulaiman, "Grid Integration Challenges and

Solution Strategies for Solar PV Systems: A Review," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp.
52233-52257, 2022.
[2] Olabi, A. G., and Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. "Renewable energy and climate
change." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 158 (2022).
[3] S. D. Ahmed, F. S. M. Al-Ismail, M. Shafiullah, F. A. Al-Sulaiman and I. M. El-Amin,
"Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp.
10857-10878, 2020.
[4] Jurasz, Jakub, et al. "A review on the complementarity of renewable energy sources:
Concept, metrics, application and future research directions." Solar Energy 195 (2020)
[5] Nwaigwe, K. N., Philemon Mutabilwa, and Edward Dintwa. "An overview of solar
power (PV systems) integration into electricity grids." Materials Science for Energy
Technologies 2.3 (2019)

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