INTERPRET

PLANS AND
DRAWINGS
THE ALPHABET OF LINES
 Types of lines:

1.Object line - llustrate as thick solid line to indicate

particular form of the figure.
 Types of lines:

2. Hidden Line - Illustrate as broken line of medium

thickness to indicate particular form of
the figure not visible to the eye.
 Types of lines:

3. Center Line - Illustrate as fine, broken line to

indicate center of any object which is
show of a series of short and long dashes
alternately spaced.
 Types of lines:

4. Extension Line - Illustrate as fine lines that stretch

out from the object with a slight
break between and it is utilized to
indicate measurement of the figure.
 Types of lines:

5. Dimension Line - Illustrate as lines utilize to show

the dimension of drawing. It
contains arrowheads, fine line,
and number or dimension.
 Types of lines:
6. Leader Line - Illustrate as fine, straight line with an
arrowhead or round solid dot at one end
and usually drawn at an angle. Points are exactly
indicated to an object to determine the measurement
and give a detail regarding to the
drawing.
 Types of lines:
7. Cutting Plane Line- Illustrate as thick broken line made up of a
series of one or and two short dashes
alternately spaced. The function of this line is to
specify in which an imaginary reduce is made via
the figure. The arrow factors inside the course wherein the
section needs to be considered. These are oriented
vertically, horizontally, or at the real perspective at
which the partis drawn.
 Types of lines:
8. Section Line - Illustrate as series of fine lines-solid
or solid and broken arrangement in
specific patterns. It is used to
suggest the imaginary cut surface noted by
using the cutting aircraft line.
 Types of lines:
9. Chain Line - Illustrate as heavy, broken line made up
of a series of long and short dashes
alternately spaced. It is used to
indicate the location and extent of a surface
 Types of lines:
10. Short Break Line - Illustrate as heavy, irregular line
drawn freehand used to show a
short break to conserve space on
a drawing.
 Types of lines:
11. Long Break Line - Illustrate as light line with
freehand zigzags used to show
long break to conserve space on
a drawing.
 Types of lines:
12. Phantom Line - Illustrate as light, a broken line
made up of a series of long and This
is the layout of at existing dashes used to
show alternate positions of a part.
Construction
Drawing
 Types of plans
Site Plan - A site or plot plan is a layout of the
construction indicated the position and measurements
of the structure to be constructed and contour of
the lot.
Drainage and Utility Plans - Drainage plans feature
show the main components of shallow water will be
stored, disposed and controlled. Drainage and utility
details show in drawing details to illustrate materials
needed and the construction legend.
 Types of plans
Landscaping and Irrigation Plan - Landscaping plans indicate
the position of several types of ornamental plants, ground
cover, lawns, benches, garden areas, and fences. The
irrigation plan regularly complements the landscape plan. It
indicates all the supply water sources, gate valves, and
kinds of irrigating fittings required for irrigation.

Foundation Plan - Foundations are composed of heavy

structure beneath underground to support the initial load of
the structure. It consists of footing, pile and grade
beams/girder. constructed of continuous footings,
pilings, or grade beams.
 Types of plans
Floor Plans - This is the layout of a horizontal section of
the floor plan to indicate the enclosing walls of a
building or a structure, its doors and windows, and the
arrangement of its interior spaces.
Elevation Plan - These are drawing indicate the
vertical view of the structure, either exterior or interior as a
direct projection to a vertical plane. Elevations are a vital
factor of the architectural plan and the design and
construction activities.
 Types of plans
Section Plan -These are drawing indicate to clarify
the structural design and construction activities.
Crosswise and longitudinal view are generally
illustrated with similar scale as the floor plan and
show views of cross sections cut by vertical planes.
Framing Plan - These are drawing indicate the
construction material utilized for framing the
structure in terms of lumber, metal and
reinforced concrete. It contain the common
framework of the house/building
and are drawn to scale.
 Types of plans
Plumbing Plan -These are drawing indicate the
relevant information on the design of the plumbing
system of the structure, including the water
supply and drainage system of the building.
Electrical Plan - These are drawing indicate the
location of electrical circuits, panel boxes,
and fixtures throughout the building, as well
as switchgears, subpanels, and
transformers when they are incorporated in the
building
 Types of plans
Reflected Ceiling Plan -These are drawing indicate
the detailed drawing of a room or space looking
down at the interior ceiling. It is also showing type of
ceiling (acoustical tile, gypsum board, etc.) and the
ceiling heights.
Details Plan -These are drawing indicate architectural
details basically scaled to illustrate a specific
construction activity and are normally prepared
by the licensed Civil Engineer.
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