Everyday, Every Task, Everyone, Nobody Get Hurts

5MCSS
ROMEO AGUILA MANANTAN
SO1 TRAINING REV0 1
CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER/OSH PRACTITIONER
 MODULE 2-UNDERSTANDING OSH
GENERAL CONCEPTS ON OSH

5MCSS
ROMEO AGUILA MANANTAN
CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER/OSH
SO1 TRAINING REV0PRACTITIONER
華
2
 COURSE OUTLINE
 GENERAL CONCEPTS ON OSH
 ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES (EX. DOMINO
THEORY)
 ACCIDENT CAUSATION AND PREVENTION
 UNSAFE ACT AND UNSAFE CONDITIONS
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION
 BENEFITS OF HAVING SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES
IN THE WORKPLACE

 DEFINITION OF OSH TERMS WITH EXAMPLES

 SAFETY HAZARDS
 HEALTH HAZARDS
 RISKS (LOW RISKS, MEDIUM RISKS AND HIGH RISK)
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 3
ACCIDENT CAUSES AND ITS
EFFECTS

5MCSS
ROMEO AGUILA MANANTAN
SO1 TRAINING REV0 4
CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER/OSH PRACTITIONER
 Objectives

• Explain the meaning and impact of accidents;

• Identify different types of accident causes; and
• Identify the root cause and different controls to prevent
accident recurrence.

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1

 OXYGEN-ACETHYLENE ON FIRE – AUGUST 2021
 permit to work system
fault
 maintenance error
 inexperience
 poor maintenance
procedures
 communications
breakdown
 safety procedures not
practice
 poor emergency
response decision Play Movie
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1
 August 11, 2021

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0

 August 12, 2021

5MCSS SO1 TRAINING REV0

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0
 What is an Accident?
• An unplanned, undesired,
unexpected and
unwelcomed event which
interrupts normal activity
• event that results in
death, injury or property/
environmental damage;
and
• Accidents are the result of
the failure of people,
equipment, materials, or
environment to react as
expected;
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1
 What is an Incident?

• An unplanned, undesired
event that under slightly
different circumstances
could have resulted in
injury to people, damage
to equipment or pollution
of the environment

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1

Types of Accidents Requiring an Investigation

• Fatality or Death
• Lost Time Accident or Lost work day
• Restricted Work Cases or Light Duty
• Medical Treatment Cases
• First Aid Cases
• Major property damage
• Near-miss incidents with potential for
serious injury or major property damage

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1

Types of Accidents Requiring an Investigation/Incident
Report to DOLE
Types of Property
Damages for Reporting
to DOLE:
Explosions of boilers,
air receivers,
Collapse of crane,
derrick, hoist
Fire causing damage
to any room where
persons are employed
-Rule 1053.02
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1
Types of Accidents Requiring an Investigation/Incident
Report to DOLE
Reporting Requirements
• Accidents resulting in death
or permanent total disability
must be initially reported to
DOLE within 24 hours of
occurrence.
• All other Types of Injuries
such as NLTAs, RWCs, FACs
for reporting on or before
20th day of the following
month using form IP-6
-Rule 1053.01 OSHS
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 14
Why should workplace accidents be investigated?
• To prevent
reoccurrence;
• To determine the cost
associated with an
accident;
• To determine
compliance with
applicable safety
regulations; and
• To process workers’
compensation claims.
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 15
Why should workplace accidents be investigated?

Effective accident
investigations
contribute to the
safety mindset of the
workplace.

16
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0
 Who Should Investigate Accidents?
• Safety committee
members
• Immediate supervisor
• Department manager
• Safety officer
• Other safety & health
professional

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 17

 Effects of Accidents
• 1. On the Victim
• 2. On the Supervisor
• 3. On the Company
• 4. On the Nation

OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 18

 Effects of Accidents
1. The Victim
• Death
• Pain & suffering
• Permanent disability
• Effects on family & dependants
• Loss of earnings
• Extra expenditure
• Inability to resume occupation
• Psychological effects
• Feeling of uselessness
• Fear of further injury
• Social effects
• Loss of sports or hobby

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 19

 Effects of Accidents
2. The Supervisor
• loss of trained worker
• loss of production
• extra work
• investigations & reports
• training new employee
• loss of prestige by:
• management
• other workers

• effects on promotion
• worry (could I have prevented it ?)
• Stress

20
 Effects of Accidents
3. The Company
• loss of trained worker
• loss of production
• damage to machinery
• damage to equipment
• wasted materials
• increased insurance premiums
• prosecutions
• fines
• civil actions
• legal costs
• loss of prestige - customers
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 21
 Effects of Accidents
4. The Nation
• loss of section of
workforce
• loss of production
• increased cost of
production
• effects on imports
• effects on exports
• effects on balance of trade
• the community pays !

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 22

 Cost/Insurance Iceberg
(Bird, Germaine)

Direct Cost

Injury & Illness Cost

• medical cost $1
• compensation cost Insured Cost

Indirect Cost
• building damage
• tool & eqp’t damage
• product & material damage
$5 - $50
• production delays Ledger cost of
• legal expenses property damage
• emergency expenses (uninsured)
• interim equipment rental

•investigation time
•wages for lost time
•cost of hiring or training $1 - $3
new worker
•extra supervisory time Uninsured
•decrease in output of miscellaneous
injured costs
•loss of business or
goodwill
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1
 LOSS CAUSATION MODEL

LACK OF BASIC IMMEDIATE

INCIDENT LOSS
CONTROL CAUSES CAUSES

INANDEQUATE:
PERSONAL PEOPLE
PROGRAM UNSAFE ACTS CONTACT
FACTORS PROPERTY
AND WITH
PROGARM CONDITIONS ENERGY PROCESS
STANDARDS JOB ENVIRONMENT
OR
FACTORS
COMPLIANCE SUBSTANCE
TO STANDARDS

PRE-CONTACT CONTACT POST-CONTACT

PHASE PHASE PHASE

Improved Version of Mr. Frank Bird

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 24
 Root Cause Analysis

1. Loss

 Physical Harm (Injury  Property, Process

or Illness) and Environmental
 Multiple fatalities Damage
 Fatality  Catastrophic

 Lost Time Injury (LTI)  Major

 Serious
 Restricted Work
 Minor
Cases (RWC)
 Medical Treatment
 First Aid Cases
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 25
 Root Cause Analysis
2. Incident – Contact
 Struck Against (Tinamaan Laban  Contact with Extreme
sa Napakalakas na Puwersa) Temperature (Sobrang Init o
 Struck by Hard Object (Tinamaan Lamig)
ng Mitigas na Bagay)  Contact with Toxic, Caustic or
 Fall from Elevation to Lower Noxious Substances (Nadikit o
Nalantad sa Kemikal)
Surface (Nahulog)
 Contact with Radiation (Nalantad
 Fall on Same Level-Trip or Slip
sa Radyasyon)
(Nadapa)
 Contact with Electric Current
 Caught In (Sumabit)
(Nakuryente)
 Caught Between or Under
 Contact with Excessive Noise
(Naiipit)
(Sobrang Ingay)
 Rubbed or Abraded (Kumiskis)
 Contact with Animals And Insects
 Overexertion or Overstress (Nakagat ng Mga Hayop at
(Napuwersa) Insekto)
 Trapped In (Nakulong o Nasukol
5MCSS sa Saradong/Tagong Lugar)
SO1 TRAINING REV0 26
 Root Cause Analysis
3. Immediate Causes
Unsafe Acts/Practices
 Failure to Follow Procedure (Work
Methodology)
 Failure to Warn or Secure
 Failure to Use PPE
 Working Under the Influence of Alcohol
and/or Drugs
 Servicing Equipment in Operation
 Making Safety Devices Inoperative
 Operating or Working at Improper
Speed
 Improper Position or Posture for Task
 Improper Use of Hands or Body Parts
 Improper Placing, Mixing or Combining
 Improper Use of Equipment
 Horseplay
Unsafe Conditions
 Defective Machine, Materials and
Tools
 Unguarded Rotating or Moving Parts
 No or Inadequate Ventilation
 Congested or Restricted Working Area
 Improper Working Distance or Level
 Dangling or Loose Dress Or Apparel
 Poor Housekeeping
 Workplace Exposed or Adjacent to
Public
 Workplace Exposed to Unscrupulous
Personnel
 Environmental Hazards (Strong Wind
Above 40 KPH, Heavy Rain Pour, Foggy,
Earthquake, etc.)
 Workplace Situated at Remote Area
27
 Root Cause Analysis

Unsafe Acts and Conditions

Unsafe Act
Violation of established safety
policies/procedures which could result in
an incident.
Unsafe Condition
A mechanical or physical condition which if
not eliminated, guarded or altered could
result in and incident.

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1

 Root Cause Analysis

Unsafe Acts:
Cause 90% of ALL incidents *

Unsafe Conditions:
Cause 10% of ALL incidents
*”Industrial Safety and
Health Management”;
Liberty Mutual , 1995

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 1

 Root Cause Analysis

4. Basic Causes
 Personal Factors  Job Factors
 Inadequate Physical/  Failure to Attend
Physiological Capability Toolbox/Shift Meeting
 Inadequate Mental/  Inadequate Leadership and
Psychological Capability Supervision
 Physical or Physiological  Inadequate Engineering
Stress  Inadequate Purchasing
 Mental or Psychological Standards
Stress  Inadequate Design and
 Lack of Knowledge Maintenance
 Lack of Skill  Inadequate Tools &
 Improper Motivation Equipment
 Inadequate Work Standards
 Wear & Tear
5MCSS  Abuse Or Misuse
SO1 TRAINING REV0 30
 Root Cause Analysis

4. Basic Causes
 Supervision  Management
 Poor Planning of Daily Activities
 Failure to Carry Out the Daily
Toolbox/Shift Meeting
 Inadequate Instructions
 Failure to Strictly Implement SWPs and
SOPs
 Failure to Enforce Rules and
Regulations
 Failure to Correct all Identified Hazards
 Failure to Provide Sufficient and
Suitable PPE/Devices
 Failure to Replace/Repair Defective
PPE/Tools/Machine
 Failure to Observe/Correct Unsafe
Behavior
 Failure to Recognize Excellent Behavior
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0
 Poor Monitoring of KPI Progress
 Poor Monitoring of Annual OSH
Objectives and Targets
 Poor Monitoring of Training
Program
 Poor Monitoring of Hazards
Matrix
 Poor Monitoring of Material
Inventory
 Poor Monitoring of all Standards
 Poor Monitoring of Workers’
Behavior
 Poor Safety Motivation and
General Promotion
31
 Root Cause Analysis
5. Lack of Controls
 Leadership & Administration
 Leadership & Employee Training
 Safety & Health Committee
 Planned Inspection & Maintenance
 Job Hazard Analysis & Operational Control
 Task Observations
 Accident / Incident Investigation & Analysis
 Emergency Preparedness
 Fire Protection
 Electrical Safety
 Organizational Rules
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 32
 Root Cause Analysis
5. Lack of Controls
• Health Control & Services
• Program Evaluation System
• Purchasing & Engineering Controls
• Personal Communications
• Group Communications
• General Promotion
• Hiring & Placement
• Records & Reports
• Environmental Control & Services
• Security Control & Services
• Permits
• Off-The-Job Safety
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 33
 BENEFITS OF LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT

 People will not be injured or killed!

 Property, materials & environment will
not be destroyed!
 Production will flow more smoothly!
 You will have more time for the other
major parts of your job!
 Prevent court settlements!
 Excellent Safety Performance & Record!
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 34
MODULE 2.1-UNDERSTANDING OSH
DEFINITION OF TERMS

5MCSS
ROMEO AGUILA MANANTAN
CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER/OSH
SO1 TRAINING REV0PRACTITIONER
華
35
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Safety Hazards-are source of potential harm to
human, damage of property and environment or a
combination of these. Safety hazards are the most
common workplace hazards. Examples are frayed
cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring, no
machine guard, etc.
 Health Hazards-can potentially cause harm to
our health so its very important that we understand
what that hazards are and how to prevent exposure.
Example substance is carcinogen, corrosive, irritant,
toxic, or can damage eyes, lungs, mucous
membranes, or skin, or which produces acute or
chronic health effects.
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 36
 SAFETY HAZARDS
WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Physical HEALTH HAZARDS
•Noise
Chemical
•Vibration •Solid-mineral dust & fume
•Pressure •Liquid-vapor & mist
•Radiation •Gas
•Heat
•Illumination
Mechanical
Psychosocial •Exposed Moving Parts
•Work Pressure •Defective Machine
•Stress •etc
Hazards
Ergonomic Electrical
•Force •Exposed Live Parts
•Repetition •Open Wiring
•Posture •Overloading
•etc
Natural Biological
•Strong Wind •Animals & insects
•Heavy Rain Pour •Plants
•Storm Surge •Virus, Fungi, Bacteria, Molds
•Earthquake 37
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Risks- is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed
or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It
is a combination of likelihood of occurrence and severity
(consequence) of injury or damage.
 Low Risks-likely to result in minor injury/illness and non
distruptive equipment/environmental damage. Example are
painting using brush on ground level, manual digging, etc.
(Controls must be in
 Medium Risks-likely to result in partial disability and
interruptive equipment/environmental damage. Example are
painting using drum as platform, cleaning using
clorox/zonrox, etc.
 High Risks- likely to result in permanent disability, fatality
and serious property/environmental damage. Examples are
cranes and hoists, forklift operation, rigging and lifting,
scaffolding, pressure equipment, handling toxic chemicals,
etc..
5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 38
 END OF MODULE #2

5MCSS OSH 8-HOUR SEMINAR REV0 39