MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING

(MMT)
TOPIC:
INTRODUCTION TO BODY MOVEMENTS

PRESENTED BY:
AMNA MALIK
DPT FIRST YEAR

DATED:28/09/2023
AGENDA:
1- EXTENSION
2- INVERSION
3- EVERSION
4- SCAPTION
5- ELEVATION AND
DEPRESSION
6- INTERNAL ROTATION
7- EXTERNAL ROTATION
1- EXTENSION
EXTENSION IS A PHYSICAL POSITION
THAT INCREASES THE ANGLE BETWEEN
THE BONES OF THE LIMB AT A JOINT.
EXTENSION AT THE ELBOW IS
INCREASING THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE
ULNA AND THE HUMERUS.
EXTENSION OF THE KNEE
STRAIGHTENS THE LOWER LIMB.
EXAMPLE:

STRAIGHTENING OF THE ELBOW, KNEE OR BENDING THE

WRIST AND SPINE BACKWARDS ARE EXAMPLES OF
EXTENSION.
MUSCLES RESPONSIBLE FOR
EXTENSION
THE FOUR MUSCLES IN THE EXTENSOR GROUP ARE
- VASTUS LATERALIS
- VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
- VASTUS MEDIALIS
- RECTUS FEMORIS

ALL FOUR FUNCTION TO EXTEND THE KNEE BUT THE

RECTUS FEMORIS IS ALSO AN ACCESSO FLEXOR OF
THE HIP.
2- INVERSION
INVERSION REFERS TO THE TILTING OF THE SOLE
TOWARDS THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY DURING
MOVEMENT.
INVERSION IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE SOLE TOWARDS
THE MEDIAN PLANE.
EXAMPLE:
INVERSION DESCRIBES THE MOTION WHEN AN ANKLE IS TWISTED.

MUSCLES INVOLVED IN INVERSION

- THE TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
- THE EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
PRODUCE DORSIFLEXION AND INVERSION OF THE FOOT.
3- EVERSION
EVERSION OF THE FOOT OCCURS WHEN THE FOOT
ROTATES SO HE SOLE FACES AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE.

MUSCLES RESPONSIBLE FOR

EVERSION
- THE PERONEUS LONGUS
- PERONEUS BREVIS MUSCLES
FOUND IN THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG, FUNCTION
TO FACILITATE EVERSION OF THE ANKLE JOINT.
4- ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION
ELEVATION
ELEVATION REFERS TO MOVEMENT OF A BODY PART
IN A SUPERIOR DIRECTION, OR MOVING UPWARD.
DEPRESSION
DEPRESSION REFERS TO MOVEMENT OF A BODY
PART IN AN INFERIOR DIRECTION, OR MOVING
DOWNWARD.
ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION
EXMAPLE 1
SHRUGGING IS AN EXAMPLE OF ELEVATION OF THE SCAPULA.
DEPRESSION IS MOVEMENT IN AN INFERIOR DIRECTION, THE
OPPOSITE OF ELEVATION.
EXMAPLE 2
WHEN YOU MOVE YOUR LOWER JAW (MANDIBLE) IN A DOWNWARD
DIRECTION, DEPRESSION OCCURS.
WHEN YOU MOVE YOUR MANDIBLE UPWARD, ELEVATION OCCURS.
5- SCAPTION
SCAPTION IS THE ACTION OF LIFTING YOUR ARMS
FROM YOUR SIDES AND BRINGING THEM FORWARD
AT A 30- TO 45-DEGREE ANGLE.
DURING SCAPTION, YOU DRAW YOUR SHOULDER
BLADES TOWARD THE CENTER OF YOUR SPINE,
WHICH HELPS TO OPEN YOUR CHEST.
SCAPTION IS THE MOVEMENT WHICH TAKES PLACE
BETWEEN THE FLEXION N ABDUCTION
MUSCLES RESPONSIBLE
FOR SCAPTION
- TRAPEZIUS
- SERRATUS ANTERIOR
- DELTOIDS
- ROTATOR CUFF
6- EXTERNAL ROTATION
EXTERNAL ROTATION IS AN ANATOMICAL TERM OF
MOTION
REFERRING TO ROTATION AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF
THE BODY.
EXTERNAL ROTATION OF THE HIP IS WHEN THE THIGH
AND KNEE ROTATE OUTWARD, AWAY FROM THE BODY.
MUSCLES RESPONSIBLE FOR HIP
EXTERNAL ROTATION
- THE PIRIFORMIS
- THE GEMELLUS SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR
- THE OBTURATOR INTERNUS AND EXTERNUS
- THE QUADRATUS FEMORIS
- THE PSOAS MAJOR AND MINOR
- THE SARTORIUS
EXAMPLE OF EXTERNAL ROTATION WRT TO SHOULDER

BEND YOUR RIGHT ARM IN FRONT OF YOUR BODY, PALM UP.

MUSCLES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN

EXTERNAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER
- THE INFRASPINATUS
- TERES MINOR
ARE THE MAIN SHOULDER EXTERNAL ROTATORS.
7- INTERNAL ROTATION
INTERNAL ROTATION IS ROTATING A JOINT
TOWARDS THE MIDLINE
INTERNAL ROTATION OF HIP MUSCLES
- GLUTEUS MEDIUS (ANTERIOR FIBERS)
- GLUTEUS MINIMUS
- PIRIFORMIS (WHEN FLEXED PAST 90 DEGREES)
- TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
- ADDUCTOR LONGUS
- ADDUCTOR BREVIS
- GRACILIS.
INTERNAL ROTATION WRT TO
SHOULDER
INTERNAL ROTATION (ALSO KNOWN AS MEDIAL ROTATION) IS
AN ANATOMICAL TERM REFERRING TO ROTATION TOWARDS
THE CENTER OF THE BODY.

MUSCLES RESPONSIBLE FOR

INTERNAL ROT OF SHOULDER
- THE TERES MAJOR
- PECTORALIS MAJOR
- SUBSCAPULARIS LATISSIMUS DORSI
- ANTERIOR DELTOID