Linear

ALGEBRA-2

REDUCING A QUADRATIC
FORM TO PRINCIPAL AXES
By Punhana Panahova
 Orthogonal Matrices
Do you know what helps you make your point clear?
Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the point of
your presentation
Orthogonal diagonalization and Symmetric
Matrices

PYRAMID PRISM CONE

Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
 WHO
A!
This can be the part of the presentation where you
introduce yourself, write your email…
 Principal AXES
In geometry and linear algebra, a

principal axis is a certain line in a

Euclidean space associated with an

ellipsoid or hyperboloid, generalizing

h h
the major and minor axes of an ellipse or V= π r 2
l 3
hyperbola. The principal axis theorem

states that the principal axes are

r
perpendicular, and gives a constructive

procedure for finding them.

 Principal axes theorem
l

b
lxb Venus has a beautiful
Ab= name and is the second
2 h planet from the Sun. It’s
hot and has a poisonous
Volume= Ab x h atmosphere
 Geometric view: Contour curves

Mercury is the closest lxb

planet to the Sun and Ab=
the smallest one in the 2
Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than h Ab x h
the Moon Volume=
3

l b
Example of reducing Quadratic form to principal
form
Remember that the sum of
the angles in a triangle is
always 180º

Step 1: Find out how many 2

triangles make up the shape:
4 triangles 1 3
Step 2: Multiply 4 triangles
by 180º: 4x180º=720º

4
So the angle measures of a
hexagon is 720º
Product Moment of inertia and principal
axes

8
5 8
7 7
1
3 2 4
Surface area Surface area Surface area
VOLUME formulas

CyLINDer cone PRISM

V= πr2h V= (πr2 h) / 3 V= Ab x h

sphere CUBe PyRAMID

V= (4/3)πr2 V= s3 V= (Ab x h) / 3