Training on Waste Water

Management
Av‡jvP¨ welq mg~nt

1. cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges m‡PZbZv

2. cvwbi e¨env‡i evqv‡ii Pvwn`v
3. BwUwc cwiPvjbv Ges cÖ‡mm wbqš¿Y c×wZ
4. BwUwc cwiPvjbvq evqv‡ii Pvwn`v
 weï× cvwbt

cÖvwYRM‡Zi Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb
 e¨envi‡hvM¨ cvwbi cwigvYt
c„w_exi 97.5% cvwb jeYv³
c„w_exi 2.5% cvwb weï× (65% eid + 35% Zij)

e¨envi‡hvM¨ cvwbi cwigvY 1%

GiI Kg
cvwbi e¨env‡i Avgv‡`i †Kb m‡PZb
n‡Z n‡e?

c„w_exi A‡bK GjvKvq Pvwn`v

Abyhvqx cvwbi cvc¨Zv wb¤œMvgx
cvwb`~lY Ab¨Zg cÖavb
D‡Ø‡Mi welq

1. cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi KviY

2. gvQ Ges RjR cÖvYx aŸs‡mi
KviY
3. e¨envi A‡hvM¨ cvwbi cwigvY
e„w×
cvwbi e¨env‡i evqv‡ii Pvwn`v
1. cvwbi mKj Drm Ges wbM©gY gy‡L Water Flow
Meter ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. Zij wkí eR©¨ Aek¨B Avf¨šÍixY A_ev ewn:¯’

Effluent Treatment Plant Gi gva¨‡g cwi‡kva‡bi ci
cwi‡e‡k Qvo‡Z n‡e|

3. d¨v±ix‡Z e¨eüZ mKj cvwb Ges wbM©Z Zij wkí

e‡R©¨i cwigvY wbY©q Ges †iKW© msiÿY Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 cvwbi e¨env‡i evqv‡ii Pvwn`v
4. Avf¨šÍixY Effluent Treatment Plant:
BwUwc wWRvBb
cÖ‡mm wbqš¿Y
ch©vcÍ aviY ÿgZv

5. ewn:¯’ Effluent Treatment Plant

Zij wkí eR©¨ cwi‡kva‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq
WKz‡g›Um
 cvwbi e¨env‡i evqv‡ii Pvwn`v

6. Zij wkí eR©¨ cwi‡kva‡bi ci cwi‡e‡k

Qvovi †ÿ‡Î wjM¨vj A_ev BSR Gi †ÿ‡Î
†hwU K‡VviZg †mwU gvb‡Z n‡e|
cvwbi e¨env‡i evqv‡ii Pvwn`v

BSR cwi‡ek Awa`ßi

BOD5 BOD5
≤ 30 ≤ 50
COD COD
≤ 200 ≤ 200
TSS Dissolved Oxygen
≤ 30 4.5-8.0
pH pH
6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0
Temperature TDS
≤ 370C ≤ 2100
Color
≤ 150 ADMI
Zij eR©¨ bxwiÿY m~wP
cwi‡ek Awa`ßi evqvi

Zij eR©¨ eQ‡i 04 (Pvi) evi eQ‡i 02 (`yB) evi

msMÖ‡ni
ch©vqKvj

Zij eR©¨ cwi‡ek Awa`ßi Z…Zxq cÿ

msMÖvnK (Bereau Veritas,
ITS, SGS etc)
BwUwc cwiPvjbv
(ETP Operations)
Zij wkí e‡R©¨i `~lKmg~nt
`~lKmg~‡ni cÖKvi‡f`

1. †fŠZ (Physical)
2. ivmvqwbK (Chemical)
3. ˆRe (Biological)
Zij e‡R©¨i ¸YMZgvb

‡fŠZ `~lKmg~n
1. fvmgvb c`v_©mg~n (Floating
Substances)
2. A`ªeYxq c`v_©mg~n (Suspended
Solids)
3. ZvcgvÎv (Temperature)
4. is Ges MÜ (Color & Odor)
 Zij e‡R©¨i ¸YMZgvb
ivmvqwbK `~lKmg~n
1. `ªeYxq c`v_©mg~n ( Dissolved Solids) - K¨vjwmqvg,
†mvwWqvg Ges mvj‡dU&m Gi jeYmg~n
2. fvix avZe c`v_© (Heavy Metals) - †µvwgqvg, wRsK,
Kcvi, †gUvj mvqvbvBWm BZ¨vw`
3. cwi‡cvlK (Nutrients) – dmdivm, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
4. ‰Re - BOD, COD
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Zij wkí eR©¨ †_‡K wbw`©ó ai‡bi `~lKmg~n
Acmvi‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡kvab c×wZi mgš^‡q
MwVZ e¨e¯’v|

cwi‡kvab c×wZi wbf©i K‡i-

1. `~l‡Ki cÖKvi‡f` Ges NbgvÎv
2. Zij eR©¨ cÖev‡ni nvi
3. Zij eR©¨ wbM©ZKi‡Y Av‡ivwcZ AvBbmg~n
Zij eR©¨ cwi‡kva‡bi wewfbœ avc
cwi‡kvab ¯Íi weeiY c×wZ
wcÖwjwgbvix ‡Quov Kvco, KsKi, Kv‡Vi UzK‡iv `~ixf‚ZKiY
‡fŠZ (Physical)
(fvmgvb c`v_© n«vmKiY) • Screening

Zij eR©¨ †_‡K A`ªeYxq Ges ˆRe c`v_© c„_KxKiY|

mvaviYZ ‡KwgK¨v‡ji cÖ‡qvM Ges cvZb cÖwµqvi ‡fŠZ (Physical) Ges
cÖvBgvix
gva¨‡g cwi‡kvab m¤úbœ Kiv nq| ivmvqwbK (Chemical)
( A`ªeYxq c`v_©, eY© n«vmKiY)
• Equalization, Coagulation, Flocculation,
Settling

we‡qvRb‡hvM¨ ˆRe c`v_© Ges A`ªeYxq c`v_©

‡m‡KÛvix ‰Re (Biological) Ges
`~ixKiY
(BOD, COD n«vmKiY) ivmvqwbK (Chemical)
• Aeration, Settling, Filtration etc.

Aewkó A`ªeYxq c`v_© `~ixKiY Ges Disinfection

(G cÖwµqvq cvwb cybe©¨envi Kiv nq)
Uviwkqvix ‡gg‡eªbm, Avqb G·‡PÄ
• Reverse osmosis, Filtration, Disinfection etc.
 wcÖwjwgbvix UªxU‡g›Ut w¯Œwbs
(Screening)

cv¤ú, †gvUi, †d¬v-wgUvi BZ¨vw`i

Kvh©KvwiZv iÿv‡_© Zij e‡R©¨i
mv‡_ AvMZ Kvc‡oi UzK‡iv, KsKi,
KvMR, myZv BZ¨vw` c„_KxKiY|
 ‡d¬v BKzqvjvB‡Rkb

D‡Ïk¨t
 wewfbœ ai‡bi Zij e‡R©¨i g‡a¨ mgZv mvab Kiv|
 Zij e‡R©¨i wgkÖY
 Riæix Ae¯’vq wiRvf© U¨vsK wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv|

we‡eP¨ welqt
 BKzqvjvB‡Rkb U¨vs‡Ki ch©vß aviY ÿgZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
 Zij eR©¨ aviYKvj 8-48 N›Uv n‡Z n‡e|
 Zij wkí eR©¨ †hb Zjvwb‡Z bv R‡g Ges Zij e‡R©¨i mylg NbgvÎv
wbwðZKi‡Y AweiZfv‡e †eøvqvi Pvjy ivL‡Z n‡e|
 ‡Kvb Kvi‡Y cøv›U eÜ n‡q †M‡j Zij eR©¨ Avavi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv|
 Activated Sludge Process
 Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K Zij eR©¨ AYyRx‡ei ms¯ú‡k© G‡m
AYyRxweq mvm‡cbkb (Mixed Liqour) ‰Zwi K‡i|
 ch©vß Aw·‡Rb mieivn Ges Zij e‡R©¨i mgmZ¡ wgkÖ‡bi
Rb¨ evqy mÂvjK hš¿ (Blower) e¨envi Kiv nq|
 Aw·‡Wkb U¨vsK †_‡K Zij eR©¨ †mwW‡g‡›Ukb U¨vs†K
¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq †hLv‡b AYyRxweq Aewkóvsk Zjvbx‡Z
Rgv nq Ges Mvpxf‚Z Kiv nq|
 Activated Sludge Gi cwigvY Ges Zij eR©¨ we‡kvab
cÖwµqv ¯^vfvweK ivL‡Z †mwW‡g‡›Ukb U¨vsK †_‡K
Activated Sludge cybivq Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K †cÖiY Kiv
nq|
 Activated Sludge Process
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

 Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K DO Gi gvÎv 1.5-2 wg.MÖv./wj. Gi g‡a¨

n‡Z n‡e|
 AwZwi³ aeration GbvwR©i AcPq NUvq Ges aeration Gi
NvUwZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv aŸs‡mi KviY nq|
 e¨vK‡Uwiqv aŸsm †iv‡a Aeration System
wbiew”Qbœfv‡e (365 w`b / 24 N›Uv) Pvjy ivL‡Z n‡e|
 ¯^qswµq DO wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v MÖnY evÂbxq|
 Activated Sludge Process
pH

 Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K pH Gi gvÎv 6.5-8.5 wg.MÖv./wj. Gi g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e|

 Zij e‡R©¨i pH Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K cÖ‡e‡ki c~‡e©B wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
 pH ‡m݇ii Øviv wbqwgZ pH ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 pH ‡mÝi wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Ges K¨vwj‡eªkb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Activated Sludge Process
Temperature

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi ¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ Oxidation

Tank Gi ZvcgvÎv 25-35 wWMÖx †m. Gi g‡a¨
ivL‡Z n‡e|
 Activated Sludge Process
Return Activated Sludge (RAS)

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi ¯^vfvweK e„w× Ges cwigvY iÿv‡_©

ch©vß cwigvY Activated Sludge Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K
cyb©mÂvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ ETP wWRvBb
Abyhvqx 50-75% Activated Sludge Aw·‡Wkb
U¨vs‡K cybm©Âvjb Kiv nq|
Activated Sludge Process
Food to Mass (F/M) Ratio

BOD Ges AYyRx‡ei cwigv‡Yi

g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ iÿv‡_© F/M Ratio
eRvq ivL‡Z nq| mvaviYZ F/M
Ratio 0.15-0.5 Gi g‡a¨ ivL‡Z nq|
 Activated Sludge Process
Imhoff Cone Test

 Imhoff Cone Test Øviv cvZb‡hvM¨ ¯øv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Kiv

nq|

 Imhoff Cone G Activated Sludge wb‡q 30 wgwbU ci Rgv nIqv

¯øv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Kiv nq|

 mvaviYZ Rgv nIqv ¯øv‡Ri cwigvY <500 ml/L n‡q _v‡K|

 Activated Sludge Process
Mixed Liqour Suspended Solids
(MLSS)

 Activated Sludge Process Gi Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K

A`ªeYxq c`v‡_©i cwigvY|
 mvaviYZ 3000-7000 wg.MÖv./wj. n‡q _v‡K|
 Activated Sludge Process
Mixed Liqour Volatile
Suspended Solids (MLVSS)

 Activated Sludge Process Gi Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K

AYyRx‡ei cwigvY|
 Activated Sludge Process
Sludge Volume Index (SVI)

 Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡Ki ¯øvR Nbxf‚Z / RgvU nIqvi

cÖeYZvi gvÎv wbY©q|
 SVI Gi gvÎv mvaviYZ 100-150 n‡q _v‡K|
 Activated Sludge Process
Nutrients
Activated Sludge Process G ¯øv‡Ri ¸YMZ gvb Ges Nbxf‚Z
nIqvi gvÎv Nutrients Gi Dcw¯’wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i|

 Nutrients Gi AbycvZ – BOD: N : P = 100 : 5 : 1

 Inlet Ges Outlet Zij e‡R©¨i N I P Gi gvÎv wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 Nutrients Gi NvUwZ n‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq Nutrients cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Clarification

 Aw·‡Wkb U¨vs‡K Drcbœ ¯øvR G av‡c Nbxf‚Z n‡q Zjvbx‡Z

Rgv nq|
 G av‡c cwi‡kvwaZ cvwb cwi‡e‡k Qvov nq A_ev cybe¨©env‡ii
Rb¨ Uviwkqvix c×wZ‡Z †cÖiY Kiv nq|
 Drcbœ ¯øvR wbqwgZ AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZ 1000 wj. cvwb cwi‡kva‡b 0.7- 1.0 †KwR ¯øvR Drcbœ
nq|
 Wdëvi †cÖm A_ev WªvBs †e‡W ¯øvR ïKv‡bv nq|
 ¯øv‡Ri cÖK…wZ

 Drcv`b cÖwµqv Ges cwi‡kvab c×wZi Dci ¯øv‡Ri ÿwZKviK /

wbivc` nIqv wbf©i K‡i|
 RvZxq, AvÂwjK AvBb Abyhvqx ¯øvR AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Drcbœ ¯øvR 06 gvm wbR d¨v±ix‡Z msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| e„wói
cvwb ‡_‡K `~‡I ivL‡Z n‡e| ¯øvR iÿYv‡eÿ‡Y wcwcB e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯øvR AcmviY †iKW© msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kvh©Ki BwUwc Kv‡K e‡j?

 Drcv`b ÿgZv Abyhvqx BwUwci h‡_vchy³ aviY ÿgZv Ges

cwi‡kvab e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wbiew”Qbœ Acv‡ikb, cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj Ges cvwbi
gvbgvÎv bxwiÿ‡Yi e¨K¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 `ÿ Acv‡iUi/†jvKej _vK‡Z n‡e|
BwUwc wWRvBb Ges BÝU‡jkb

 Zij eR©¨ cÖev‡ni nvi

 Acwi‡kvwaZ Zij e‡R©¨i `~lY gvÎv
 cwi‡kvwaZ Zij e‡R©¨i gvbgvÎv
BwUwc wWRvBb Ges BÝU‡jkb

Zij eR©¨ cÖev‡ni nvi

 Drcbœ Zij e‡R©¨i cÖK…Z cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|

 wbqwgZ Ges AwbqwgZ mKj Drm (†hgb- cvÎ ‡aŠZKiY,
†eøv WvDb BZ¨vw`) we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Zij e‡R©¨i cÖK…Z cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡Z w`‡bi wewfbœ
mgq Zij eR©¨ cÖev‡ni nvi wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ‡Wª‡bR †j AvDU _vK‡Z n‡e|
 Riæix Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ BwUwci AwZwi³ aviY ÿgZv
20-25% _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
BwUwc wWRvBb Ges BÝU‡jkb

Zij e‡R©¨i `~lYgvÎv:

 Zij e‡R©¨i cÖKvi‡f` I NbgvÎv wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Zij e‡R©¨i gvbgvÎv bxwiÿ‡Y ¯’vbxq AvBb Ges kZ©mg~n
†g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
 w`‡bi wewfbœ mg‡qi cÖevn Ges gvbgvÎv bxwiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Zij e‡R©¨i gvbgvÎv:

 Zij e‡R©¨i NbgvÎv BSR MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx n‡Z n‡e|
BwUwc Acv‡ikb Ges ‡gBb‡U‡bÝ
 cwi‡kvab cÖwµqvi wewfbœ av‡ci †gŠwjK c¨vivwgUvi (pH,
ZvcgvÎv, Aw·‡Rb †j‡fj, †d¬v-†iU BZ¨vw`) wbY©q Ges
wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cwi‡kvab cÖwµqvi wewfbœ av‡ci cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj
c¨vivwgUvi (MLSS, MLVSS, BOD, SVI, F/M Ratio, MCRT
BZ¨vw`) wbY©q Ges wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 c¨vivwgUvi bxwiÿY Kvj (‰`wbK, mvßvwnK, gvwmK)
Abyhvqx wbY©q Ges ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 pH wgUvi, DO wgUvi, †d¬v-wgUvi, GbvwR© wgUvi BZ¨vw`
wWfvB‡mi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 ‡KwgK¨vj †WvwRs wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 Zij eR©¨ wbM©g‡Yi †iKW© msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
BwUwc Acv‡ikb Ges ‡gBb‡U‡bÝ
BwUwc Acv‡iUi‡K wb¤œ wjwLZ wel‡q cÖwkÿY w`‡Z n‡et
 Acv‡iUi‡K Zij e‡R©¨i cÖK…wZ Ges cwi‡kvab c×wZ
 Zij eR©¨ wbM©g‡Y AvBbMZ wewa wb‡la
 †gŠwjK c¨vivwgUvi (pH, ZvcgvÎv, Aw·‡Rb †j‡fj, †d¬v-†iU
BZ¨vw`) wbY©q Ges ch©‡eÿY
 bgyYv msMÖn Ges bxwiÿ‡Yi ch©vqKvj
 cøv‡›Ui Riæix Ae¯’vq KiYxq
BwUwc Acv‡ikb Ges ‡gBb‡U‡bÝ

Avf¨šÍixYfv‡e c¨vivwgUvi †Uw÷st

 cwi‡kva‡bi wewfbœ cq©v‡qi †gŠwjK Ges cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj
c¨vivwgUvi †PK Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Bb‡jU Ges AvDU‡j‡Ui mKj c¨vivwgUvi cÖwZw`b †PK Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 ‡Kvb c¨vivwgUvi †dBj Ki‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv|
BwUwc Acv‡ikb Ges ‡gBb‡U‡bÝ

ewn:¯’ fv‡e c¨vivwgUvi †Uw÷st

evqv‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx eQ‡i Kgc‡ÿ 02 evi
_vW© cvwU© KZ©„K BwUwci cvwb cixÿv
Kiv|
BwUwc Acv‡ikb Ges ‡gBb‡U‡bÝ

‡iKW© msiÿY:
 BwUwci aviY ÿgZv Ges cÖ‡mm eY©bv
 wbM©Z cvwbi cwigvY
 e¨eüZ ‡KwgK¨v‡ji wnmve
 Avf¨šÍixb Ges ewT:¯’ fv‡e c¨vivwgUvi †Uw÷s
 B‡jw±ªK¨vj Ges †gKvwbK¨vj hš¿ e¨env‡ii mgqmxgv
 ‡d¬v-wgUv†ii eY©bv Ges K¨vwj‡eªkb mvwU©wd‡KU
 KbwUb‡RwÝ cøvb
 wcÖ‡fbwUf †gBb‡U‡bÝ ‡iKW©
BwUwc Acv‡ikb Ges ‡gBb‡U‡bÝ
Riæix kZ©mg~n:
Drcv`‡b D™¢‚Z mKj Zij e‡R©¨i †Wªb jvBb
BwUwc‡Z ms‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
Acwi‡kvwaZ †Kvb Zij eR©¨ cwi‡e‡k Qvov
hv‡e bv|
Acwi‡kvwaZ †Kvb Zij eR©¨ evBcvm Kiv
hv‡e bv|