Electromagnetic

Induction
Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of
an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across a conductor in
a changing magnetic field.
 Faraday’s Law
The magnitude of the emf (voltage) induced in a circuit is proportional to
the rate of change of the magnetic flux that cuts across the circuit.

Mathematically:
volt
Where
E= voltage
N= number of conductor in the circuit
= rate of change of flux
 Nature of Change of flux

Rate of change of flux can be obtained in two ways:

a. Change of flux with respect to time

b. Change of flux with respect to space
 Change of flux with respect to time

It is found in transformer action

In this case conductor and flux both are stationary. Only the magnitude of the
flux is changing with respect to time.
For example:
The flux may change in the following way

0.0wb, 0.1wb, 0.2wb, 0.3wb …………………….0.9wb, 1.0wb, 0.9wb, 0.8wb, 0.7wb …

………0.2wb, 0.1wb 0.0wb
Wb= weber, the unit of flux.
Change of flux with respect to space

It can be found in generator action.

In this case the magnitude of flux in the magnetic field is not
changing(constant) but there is a relative motion(physical motion)
between field and conductor.
In this approach:
Either magnetic field is moving and conductor is stationary( applicable
for Synchronous generator)
or
Conductor is moving and magnetic field is stationary (applicable for DC
generator)