25/02/2022

Form 3 Int Sci

Topic: CHEMICAL BONDING

Objectives:
Making ions out of atoms

Steps to show ionic bonding

18
If these atoms became ions, determine the
charges they would have:
• Ca • Mg
• Na •O
• Ne • Li ACTIVIT
Y
• Cl •F
• Al •K
EXAMPLE 1 – Sodium Chloride

Cl

E.C: 2, 8, 1 E.C: 2, 8, 7
E.C: 2, 8 E.C: 2, 8, 8
Na +
Cl -
NaCl (Sodium Chloride) – also known as table salt.
• It is the electrostatic force between these charges that will
allow the attraction of the ions to make an ionic bond.

* UNLIKE CHARGES _________________ *

Ionic compounds bind through ionic bonds.
Whenever ionic compounds form, the
total positive charges = total negative charges
• One way to write the chemical formula for ionic
compounds is to use the switching charges
method.

• * Recall that ions have charges when they _______ or

_______ electrons.
Switching charges – a shortcut method used to
write the chemical formula for ionic compounds.

When we switch charges the superscript of A

becomes the subscript of B and vice versa.
If these ions became compounds,
determine what would be their chemical
formula:
• Li+ F- • Fe2+ O2-
• K+ Cl- • Cr3+ S2-
• Mg2+ F- • Cu2+ NO3 - ACTIVIT
Y
• Na+ CO3 2- • Al3+ Br-
• Na+ OH-
• Ag+ Cl-
Homework:
Show ionic bonding in the following
pairs of atoms:
• Potassium and Fluorine
• Magnesium and Oxygen
EXAMPLE 2 – Magnesium Chloride

Mg
Cl

Cl
Magnesium ion + Chlorine ion

Mg  Mg 2+
Cl  Cl - (or -1)

Mg1Cl2
MgCl2
Ionic compounds have regular structures, called giant ionic lattices.
In a giant ionic lattice, there are strong electrostatic forces of
attraction acting in all directions between the oppositely charged
ions. The structure and bonding of ionic compounds explain
their properties. Ionic bonds:
Form lattices
Are crystalline solids under normal
conditions
Have high melting points
Are soluble in water
Conduct electricity when dissolved