Review of the Last Lecture

• Backward-forward sweep algorithm

– Radial balanced distribution system
• Introduction
• Step-by-step algorithm
• Example
– Radial unbalanced distribution system (Full Three-Phase)
• Introduction
• Step-by-step algorithm
1
Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow

2
Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow

• Radial un-balanced distribution system

3
Review of the Last Lecture

• Backward-forward sweep algorithm

– Radial unbalanced distribution system (Full Three-Phase)
• Introduction
• Step-by-step algorithm

4
Example: Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow

Load at End Bus (j)

Branch Start End R X
Number Bus (i) Bus (j) (Ω) (Ω) kW kVAR
1 1 2 0.279 0.015 0 0
2 2 3 0.444 0.439 1572 174
3 3 4 0.864 0.751 1936 312
4 4 5 0.864 0.751 189 63
5 3 6 1.374 0.774 1336 112

Source: Edited by B. Das, Power Distribution Automation, IET Power and Energy Series, 5
75, London, 2016.
Example: Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow

6
Direct Approach for Load
Flow Analysis

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Introduction: Direct Approach Based Load Flow Analysis
Proposed by J. H. Teng [1]

Ref: J. H. Teng, “A direct approach for distribution system load flow solution,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 8
18, no. 3, pp. 882-887, July 2003
Introduction: Direct Approach Based Load Flow Analysis

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Introduction: Direct Approach Based Load Flow Analysis

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Build BIBC and BCBV Matrices

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Build BIBC and BCBV Matrices

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Build BIBC and BCBV Matrices

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Build BIBC and BCBV Matrices

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Build BIBC and BCBV Matrices

1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1

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Build BIBC and BCBV Matrices

Z12 0 0 0 0
Z12 Z23 0 0 0
Z12 Z23 Z34 0 0
Z12 Z23 Z34 Z45 0
Z12 Z23 0 0 Z36

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Review of the Last Lecture

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Review of the Last Lecture

 V2a  VSa  V2a   I 2a   I 2a 

 b  b   b  b
 V2  VS  V2b   I2   I2 
 V2c  VSc  V2 c   I2 
c  I 2c 
       
 :   :   :   : 
 V a  V a  V ja  Ia  Ia 
 j
   Sb    BCBV  BIBC  b 
 j
  DLF  bj 

 V j  VS Vj 
b b
Ij  Ij 
 V c  V c  V jc  Ic  Ic 
 j   S   j  j
 :   :   :   : 
 b  b   b  b
 VN  VS  VNb  IN  IN 
 VNc  VSc  VNc   I Nc   I Nc 

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Algorithm: Direct Approach Based Load Flow

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Algorithm: Direct Approach Based Load Flow

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Algorithm: Direct Approach Based Load Flow

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Example: Direct Approach Based Load Flow Analysis

1 1 1 1 1 0.279+j0.015 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0.279+j0.015 0.444+j0.439 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 0.279+j0.015 0.444+j0.439 0.864+j0.751 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0.279+j0.015 0.444+j0.439 0.864+j0.751 0.864+j0.751 0

0 0 0 0 1 0.279+j0.015 0.444+j0.439 0 0 1.374+j0.774

Source: Edited by B. Das, Power Distribution Automation, IET Power and Energy Series, 22
75, London, 2016.
Example: Direct Approach Based Load Flow Analysis

0.279+j0.015 0.279+j0.015 0.279+j0.015 0.279+j0.015 0.279+j0.015

0.279+j0.015 0.723+j0.454 0.723+j0.454 0.723+j0.454 0.723+j0.454
0.279+j0.015 0.723+j0.454 1.587+j1.205 1.587+j1.205 0.723+j0.454
0.279+j0.015 0.723+j0.454 1.587+j1.205 2.451+j1.956 0.723+j0.454
0.279+j0.015 0.723+j0.454 0.723+j0.454 0.723+j0.454 2.097+j1.228

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Example: Direct Approach Based Load Flow Analysis

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