Delhi Public School,

Kalyanpur

PHYSICS PROJECT
Session : 2023 – 24

A project Report On
ctromagnetic Induction “
Submitted by Aviral Singh
Class - xII (science)
Roll no. (cbse) --

Under the guidance of

Mr. vijay Srivastava
Pgt(physics)
 Table of Content
NIT Ranking 2021 (NIRF)
•Certificate
•Declaration
•Acknowledgement
•Aim of Project
•Introduction
•Theory
•Apparatus Required
•Law
•Conclusion
•Bibliography
 Certificate
This is to certify that
AVIRAL SINGH
student of class XII(Science)

has successfully prepared the report on the Project entitled

“Electromagnetic Induction”

under the guidance of

Mr. VIJAY SRIVASTAVA (PGT Physics).

The report is the result of his efforts & endeavours. The report is found worthy of acceptance as final
Project report for the subject Physics of class XII (Science)

Signature of Physics Teacher Signature of External Examiner---------------------------

--------------------------

Signature of Principal
-----------------------------
 Declaration

I hereby declare that the project work entitled

“ Electromagnetic Induction “

Submitted to Department of Physics,

Delhi Public School,Kalyanpur is prepared by Me

AVIRAL SINGH
Class :
XIIth(Science)
 AIM

“To determine the

Faraday’s law
of
Electromagnetic Induction
using a copper wire
wound over an iron
rod and a strong
Magnet.”
 INTRODUCTION
Faraday’s law of Induction is a basic law of
electromagnetism that predicts how a magnetic field
Which interact with an electric circuit to produce an
electromotive force (EMF). It is the fundamental
operating principal of transformers , inductors any many
types of electrical meters and generators.

Electromagnetic Induction was independently by

Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831; however,
Faraday was the first to publish the results of his
experiments. Faraday explained Electromagnetic
Induction using the concept he called line of forces.
These equation for Electromagnetic are extremely
important since they provide a means to precisely
describe how many natural physical phenomenon in our
universe arise and behave. The ability to quantitatively
describe physical phenomenon not only allows us to gain
a better understanding of our universe, but it also makes
possible a host of technological innovations that define
modern society.
Understanding Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction
can be beneficial since so many aspects of our daily life
function because of the principles behind Faraday’s Law .
From natural technologies that improves our quality of life
such as electric power generation. Faraday’s law has a
great impact on many aspect

Faraday’s law is the circuit Of the experiments of the

English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday. The
concept of Electromagnetic Induction was actually
discovered simultaneous in 1831 by Faraday in London
and Joseph,an American scientist working in New York, but
Faraday is credited for the loss since he published his
work. An important aspect of the equation that qualifies
Faraday’s law comes from the work of Heinrich lenz,a
Russian physicist who made his contribution to Faraday’s
law, now known as Lenz’s law , in 1834.

Faraday’s law describes electromagnetic induction, were

you an electric field is induced, Or generated , by a
changing magnetic field. Before expanding upon this
description, it is necessary to develop an understanding of
the fields. As well as the related concept of potentials.
Faraday’s first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic
induction ( August 29, 1831) , he wrapped two wires around
opposites sides of an iron ring or "torus” ( an arrangement
similar to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce current.

Faraday’s First Experiment-

Some physicist have remarked that Faraday’s law is a single
equation describing two different phenomenon:-
The motional EMF generated by a magnetic force on a moving
wire (see Lorenz force), and the transformer EMF generated by
a electric force due to a changing magnetic field ( due to the
Maxwell – Faraday equation). James Clerk Maxwell drew
attention to this fact in his 1861 paper on physical lines of force.
In this latter half part II of that paper. Maxwell gives a separate
physical explanation for each of the two phenomena.A
reference to these two aspects of electromagnetic is made in
some mode textbooks.
 THEORY
Magnetic Flux :-

The magnetic flux through a surface is the component of the

B field passes through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic
flux weber and the CGS unit is the Maxwell. Magnetic flux is
usually measured with a flux meter , which contains
measuring coips and electronics that evaluates the change of
voltage in the measuring coils to calculate the magnetic flux.

If the magnetic field is constant , the magnetic flux passing

through a surface of vector area S is

Where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field ( the

magnetic flux density ) having the unit of Wb/m²( Tesla), S is
the area of the surface and θ is the angle between the
magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular)to S.
For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic
flux through an infinitesimal area element dS. where we may
Consider the field to be constant.

From the definition of the magnetic vector potential A and the

fundamental theorem of the curl
, the magnetic flux may also be defined as,

Where the line integral is taken over the boundary of the

surface S, which is denoted as dS.
 Apparatus Required
1. Insulated copper wire
2. An iron rod
3. A strong magnetic, and
4. A light emitting diode (LED)
 LAW
The most widespread various of Faraday’s law states:-