LEADERSHIP AND MANAGERIAL CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES

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LEADERSHIP AND MANAGERIAL
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES
Human resources, are the most valuable assets of any
organization, with the machines, materials and even
the money, nothing is, done without labor. Human
resource management is a strategic management of
an organization’s people with the setting of
environment. It is, considered as the most valuable
assets that contribute to the achievement of the
organization’s goals and objectives. The main or core
focus of human resource management is people. It
is, related with gathering, maintaining, improving
and motivating the people in the right environment
 LEADERSHIP
DEFINITION
Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence,
motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the
effectiveness & success of the organization (House et al.,
1999).

Leadership is not something you do to people it is

something you do with people (Blanchard, Zagami &
Zagami, 1994).
As a property, leadership is the set of characteristics
attributed to individuals who perceived to be leaders.

Thus, leaders are:

people who can influence the behaviors of others
without having to rely on force;
those accepted by others as leaders.
 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP??
LEADERSHIP DEFINITION

In general, leadership involves:

1.creating a vision for others to follow,

2.establishing corporate values and ethics, and

3.transforming the way the organization does business so

that it becomes more efficient and effective.

 Leadership effectiveness
Leadership effectiveness refers to attaining desirable
outcomes such as
productivity,
quality, and
satisfaction in a given situation.
Leader characteristics & traits refers to the inner
qualities, such as
self-confidence &
problem-solving ability, that help a leader function
effectively in many situations.
 Leadership
effectiveness

The essence of leadership is

followership. Comment it.

1. Why did certain leaders (e.g. Gandhi, Mohammed, Mao-
Tse-tung) inspire such intense fervor and dedication?
2. How did certain leaders (e.g. Julius Caesar, Alexander the
Great) build the great empires?
 Leadership effectiveness

The essence of leadership is followership.

Comment it.
3.Why did some rather undistinguished people (e.g. Adolf
Hitler,BILADEN,ISIS ALBAGDADY Claudius Caesar) rise to positions of
great power?
4. Why were certain leaders (e.g. Winston Churchill, Indira Gandhi) suddenly
deposed, despite their apparent power & record of successful
accomplishments?
5. Why do some leaders have loyal followers who are willing to sacrifice their
lives, whereas other leaders are so despised that subordinates conspire to
Qualities of Effective Leader
Mental & physical health
Empathy (leaders capacity to appreciate others &
look at things from subordinates angle)
Self-confidence
Awareness of others’ opinion about him/herself
Objectivity (not carried away by emotions)
Knowledge & intelligence
Ability to communicate
Leadership Quality
cont…
Capacity – intelligence, alertness,
verbal facility, originality,
judgment,
Achievement – scholarship,
knowledge, accomplishments, etc.
Responsibility – dependability,
initiative, persistence, self-
confidence,
Participation – activity,
cooperation, adaptability, humor,
and etc.
Status – socio-economic position,
popularity, etc.
 Are Good Leaders
Made or Born?
The debate is continued and the argument from
born side is that leaders possess certain qualities
(inborn) that followers do not. Those who claim
leaders are made argues that anybody can be a leader
provided training .
Max wel
leadership courses can only teach skills but
cannot teach character. So, leaders are made
through developing character & vision & leaders are
not gifts but results.
 Born or made cont..
Excellent leaders are born as well as made (nature &
nurture)
To be the best, learn the essential skills of leadership
through formal training courses & on-the-job
experience!!!Leaders three main responsibilities
include:
developing individuals,
team building, &
achieving task.
Leadership Styles & Models
Styles Based on the Use of Authority
 Authoritarian leadership. Leaders were very directive and
allowed no participation in decisions. They structured the
complete work situation for their subordinates. Leaders took
full authority and assumed full responsibility form initiation
to task completion.

 Democratic leadership. Leaders encouraged group

discussion and decision making. Subordinates were informed
about conditions affecting their jobs and encouraged to
express their ideas and make suggestions.

 Laissez-faire leadership. Leaders gave complete freedom to

the group and left it up to subordinates to make individual
decisions on their own. Essentially, leaders provided no
leadership. E.g. universities & research centers.
 When to Use Leadership Styles
1. Dictatorial leadership is appropriate:
During extreme emergencies or crises, when people’s
safety is at stake
When severe disciplinary action is required
This style of leadership represents the exception to the
rule and should be used only in emergencies and on a
temporary basis.
2. Authoritative leadership is appropriate:
When employees consistently misuse authority
With new employees unfamiliar with the details of
their jobs
When you are solely responsible for making and
carrying out a decision
When to Use Leadership Styles…
3. The consultative leadership style is appropriate:
In conducting ongoing planning for the organization
When creative problem-solving is needed
In training people to assume leadership responsibilities
When performing many of the day-to-day organizational
functions and tasks
4. The participative team style is appropriate:
As people become competent in performing their routine
responsibilities
During organizational planning & evaluation sessions
When you need to continue to motivate highly qualified
people, who tend to become stifled in their routine
assignments
Any time there is a need for highly creative and
innovative work
 Managers and leaders

Leader ship and management

Comment it.
Managers and leaders
cont…

To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or

responsibility for, to conduct.
 Leading is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion.

The distinction is crucial". One of Bennis’ most quoted phrases is,

"Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people
who do the right thing". Bennis further defines the difference using
the following paired contrasts (taken from, "Learning to Lead: A
Workbook on Becoming a Leader", pg. 9. Perseus Books / Addison
Wesley, 1997):
Distinction Between Management & Leadership
(W. Bennis)
 The manager administrates; the leader innovates.
 The manager is a copy; the leader is an original.
 The manager maintains; the leader develops.
 The manager focuses on system & structure; the leader focuses on
people.
 The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust
 The manager asks how & when; the leader asks what & why
 The manager has a short-range view; the leader has long-range
perspective.
 The manager has an eye on the bottom line; the leader has his eye
on the horizon.
 The manager imitates; the leader originates.
 The manager accepts the statuesque; the leader challenges it
 Managers do things right; leaders do the right things.
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 Management & Leadership Compared…
Managers
I. Derive authority from their position
2. Devote most of their time to
managements activities
3. Influences people through the
use of logic, facts and reason
4. Focuses on how things done
5. Concerned with operational
activities
6. Views work as something that
must be done or tolerated
Leaders
1. Get much of their power from the
followers & less formal. Situation
2. Devote much of their time with people
treating them effectively
3. Influences people through altering
moods, evoking images & expectation.
4. Focuses on what needs to be done
5. Concerned with quality including
vision, creativity, sensitivity, empowering
6. Views work as something challenging
and exciting
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 Management & Leadership Compared…
Managers
I. Derive authority from their position
2. Devote most of their time to
managements activities
3. Influences people through the
use of logic, facts and reason
4. Focuses on how things done
5. Concerned with operational
activities
6. Views work as something that
must be done or tolerated
Leaders
1. Get much of their power from the
followers & less formal. Situation
2. Devote much of their time with people
treating them effectively
3. Influences people through altering
moods, evoking images & expectation.
4. Focuses on what needs to be done
5. Concerned with quality including
vision, creativity, sensitivity, empowering
6. Views work as something challenging
and exciting
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 Sample Characterizations of Leaders & Managers
Subject Leader Manager Subject Leader Manager
Essence Change Stability Excitement Money for
Exchange
for work work
Focus Leading people Managing work
Likes Striving Action
Have Followers Subordinates
Wants AchievementResults
Horizon Long-term Short-term
Risk Takes Minimizes
Seeks Vision Objectives
Rules Breaks Makes
Approach Sets direction Plans detail
Conflict Uses Avoids
Decision Facilitates Makes
Existing
Personal Direction New roads
Power Formal authority roads
charisma
Truth Seeks Establishes
Appeal to Heart Head
Concern What is right Being right
Energy Passion Control
Credit Gives Takes
Dynamic Proactive Reactive
Blame Takes Blames
Persuasion Sell Tell
Transformatio
Style Transactional
nal

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Are you amanager or Leaders…………….comment on it

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
AND ALWAYS THINK OF WHAT YOU TRAINED IN ROUTINE WORKS