IMIKURIRE Y’UMWANA

BYATEGUWE NA M.G RUGAMBA DERMAS , ITORERO RYA

NGOMA ,INTARA YA NGOMA , FILIDI Y’UBURENGERAZUBA (WRF)
PHONE: 0782562067
EMAIL:dermasrugamba033@gmail.com.

Mu nzira yo gukiranuka hari ubugingo no mayira yako nta rupfu

rubamo. IMIGANI 12: 28
UBURYO 3 BW’INGENZI
BW’IMIKURIRE y’umuntu
 1.Mu mpagarike ( physically)
 2.Mu bwenge ( intellectually or cognitive or mental
development )
 3. Mu mibanire n’ abandi cg mu mbamutima ( social
emotional and moral development)
 Iyo mvuga ku mikurire ya muntu
sinakwirengagiza abahanga mu mitekerereze ya
muntu ( pyschologists) bavuze cyane kuri ibyo bice
bitatu by’ibanze bigize imikurire y’umuntu . A)
Uwambere ni jean piaget wavuze ku ntambwe
z’iterembere ry’umuntu mu bwenge cg imikurire
y’umuntu mu mbaraga z ‘ibitekerezo bye( cognitive
development or mental development )
 b) eric erikson( 1959)( for pyscho social): yavuze ku
mikurire y’umwana mu mibanire ye n’abandi avuga
intambwe zirindwi umwana acamo .
 C) sigmond freud: yavuze kucyo twakita psycho
sexual cyangwa ku myororokere y’umwana ubihuje
n’imyaka agezemo mbese injyana y’ ibitekerezo
bye kuri icyo kintu .
UMWANA MBERE Y’UKO
AVUKA( PRE NATAL DVP)
IKI GIHE KIGABANYIJWE MO IBICE
BITATU
1. GERMINAL PERIOD : iki ni igihe
cy’ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yuko
umwana asamwa
2. EMBRYONIC PERIOD : Iyi period iri
hagati y’ ibyumweru bibiri n’
ibyumweru umunani nyuma yo
kwigabanya kw’uturemangingo .
3. FOETAL PERIOD: IKI GIHE gitangira
nyuma y’amezi abiri umwana agisamwa
kugeza kumezi arindwi
IBIBAZO UMWANA UKIRI MUNDA
ASHOBORA GUHURIRA NABYO
PHYSICAL PSCHOLOGICAL
HAZARDS HAZARDS( ibihu
( ibyibasira ngabanya
impagarike
intekerezo
y’umutwite)
z’umutwite):
Ibi bishobora kuba
umubyeyi utwite
ku mwana ukiri
munda no mu gihe iyo abwiwe nabi
avuka : imirire mibi abasha kugira
,indwara,ibikomere ubwoba n’
Kuvamo kw’inda agahinda
bitateganyijwe gakabije bibasha
(spontaneous kugira ingaruka
abortion) bitewe n’ no kuwo atwite.
impamvu
zitandukanye
IBIKOMEZA
ingorane zibasira Ingorane zibasira
impagarike intekerezo
 BISHOBORA GUTERWA  Si byiza guhahamura
KANDI NO KUZIBA
KWINZIRA umubyeyi kuko uko
Z’IMYOROROKERE akurwa umutima
 VIRUSES ,BACTERIA,N’IHUN
GABANA atwite bigira
 INDWARA: ingaruka ku
SYPHILIS,RUBELLA

mikurire y’ umwana
IMYAKA : kubyara utarageza
igihe bishobora gutuma inda uri munda azavuka
iguhitana cg ukabyara bikugoye yarangiritse mu
kubera uba utarakura bihagije
mu bijyanye no kuba umubyeyi mbamutima ze no
ikindi burya iyo usamye mu bwenge bwe.
utarageza igihe ushobora no
kubyara umwana upfuye
 Indyo ituzuye : umubyeyi uko
arya neza atwite ninako
azabyara umwana uzira ikinegu
mu buryo bwose
 gufata ibiyobyabwenge
utwite si byiza
IBINDI BIDAHITA BIZA
KU MWANA UKIVUKA
Mu cyongereza hari icyo bita gross motor
skills : “movements of arms and legs “: umwana
iyo avutse bisaba igihe ngo azabashe kuyobora
muvoma z’amaboko ye n’amaguru bye. nubwo
iyo umupfumbatishije ikintu abasha
kugipfumbata paka cyangwa yarira akaba
yabasha gutera utuguru twe ariko si uko ari
ubundi bwenge . Buriya intoki ze ziba
zitarabasha gukora mu buryo bwa nyabwo
ahubwo ibikorwa bye ibyinshi abikora ntarundi
ruhare we abigizemo yibona yabikoze ,ibikorwa
bye byinshi biba ari icyo twita mu cyongereza
( involuntary actions/reflexes )urugero: nko
konka , kwayura,kurira . Cyakoze uko iminsi
igenda ishira hari ibyo umwana agenda amenya
ku kuyobora imikorere y’amaboko ye n’amaguru
ndetse n’ibindi bice by’umubiri.
IMIVUGIRE
Y’UMWANA(0-2 imyaka)
 Umwana kugirango amenye kuvuga nabyo bisaba igihe
atangira ataramenya na gato ariko uko iminsi ishira agenda
atera imbere mu mivugire.
 Mu kwezi kumwe avutse: umwana abasha kurira ariko
bitanga ikimenyetso cy’ibyo ashaka gusa umurera cg mama
we ntabwo abasha kumenya icyo ashaka
 Amezi 2: umwana iyo arize umurera cg mama we abasha
kumenya icyo ashaka . Iki kigero abahanga bakigereranije
n’ikigero cy’inyoni (bird stage) (umwana arira mu ijwi
ry’ubwoko runaka bw’inyoni)
 mu mezi 4-5: umwana aba abasha kugenda asubiramo cg
avuga amajwi y’ inyajwi n’inyuguti zoroshye urugero aho
usanga umwana ari kuvuga ngo : da –da-da –da cyangwa
ma – ma – ma
 Mu mezi 12: umwana abasha gukora interuro y’ ijambo
rimwe.
 Urugero ashaka kuvuga ngo : mama ndashonje nshaka ko
umpa amata! Azivugira gusa ngo : “amata”hhh
 Reka turebe noneho igihe umwana aba yamenye kuvuga neza
( linguistic period ) iki gihe umwana aba afite hagati
y’umwaka umwe n’ibiri (1-2 years): aha umwana abahanga
bagaragaje ko aba yibitseho amagambo ye 300
ITERAMBERE MU MIBANIRE
N’ABANDI RY’UMWANA URI HAGATI
Y’IMYAKA 0-2 ( infancy)
Mu mezi 2-3 : uyu mwana muyandi
magambo niwe bita” igisekera mwanzi” :
asekera uwo ari we wese. Aba bana bakunze
kubita twa malayika kuko baba bashimishije
cyane kandi bateye impuhwe umubiri wa
gihinja uba utangiye kugenda ubashiraho!
Mu mezi 3-6 : umwana aba aronda abo mu
muryango we gusa nibo yumva yakwereka
imba mutima ze
Mu mezi 6-12: ( clear -cut attachment) aha
umwana yita cyane ku muntu umurera , aha
ashobora gutera amahane igihe umukozi
amusize wenyine
Iyo agize imyaka ibiri: aha umwana aba
yatangiye kumenya kwiremera uducuti
( formation of reciprocal relation ship)
IMIKURIRE Y’ UMWANA
MU MPAGARIKE
(Physical growth)
 Imikurire y’ umwana mu gihagararo(ingano) iterwa n’impamvu 4 z’ingenzi: -a) ababyeyi be(
inkomoko), b) indyo yuzuye, (c)uburwayi (d) imiterere y’ ahantu yavukiye
 Imikurire y’umwana mu mpagarike igabuye mu ntambwe 5 zikurikira :
 infancy :imyaka 0-2
 early childhood: imyaka 2-6
 latechildhood: 6-12 years
 adolescence(ingimbi n’abangavu) imyaka 12-18 years
 Adulthood : abakuze imyaka 18
) 1.Infant ( baby stage 0-2 years aha harimo abana bo mu buryo butandukanye abo twakita
impinja ,ibisekera mwanzi ,ibitambambuga : aba bana muri J.A baba mu mutwe wambere w’
amajyambere witwa “udutama duto: little lamb” nubwo uyu mutwe ugenda ukagera ku myaka
ine(4)ariko iki kigero bise infancy cyo mu bisanzwe kigarukira ku myaka ibiri.
 Mbese imikurire y’uyu mwana uri hagati y’imyaka 0-2 iba iteye ite?
 Mu kwezi kumwe avutse kugeza kumezi 2 : umwana aba abasha kwegura ijosi
 Hagati y’amezi 3 -4 : umwana aba abasha kwihindukiza ,ushobora gusanga uko
wamuryamishije atari ko ameze ahari yubitse inda wasize agaramye
 Mu mezi atanu: umwana ashobora kwicara ariko afite icyo yegamiyeho (afite ikimufashije:
sit with support)
 mu mezi 6-7 : ashobora kwicara neza( sit without support) .
 mu mezi 7-8: umwana aba akambakamba kandi aba arwana no guhagarara ariko afite ibyo
afasheho
 Mumezi 9-10 : aba yisunikira ubwe guhagarara ndetse agahagarara ariko adagadwa yongera
agahita agwa,kandi abasha gutera intambwe imwe ubwe,
 Mu mezi 11- 12 : umwana aba abasha guhagarara neza
 Mu mezi 13-14: umwana abasha kugenda ubwe.
 UMWANA URI HAGATI Y’IMYAKA 2-6 ( EARY CHILDHOOD)
 Aba ni abana baba bakura cyane mu gihagararo umunsi ku munsi , aha harimo abana bo mu
buryo butandukanye , incuke , bakuru babo gusa ikingenzi nuko abana benshi bo muri iki
kigero baba batangiye ishuri ( nursery ,primary)
 Muri J.A iki kigero kirimo imitwe y ‘ amajyambere itatu : - UDUTAMA DUTO 4 , -
ABAZINDUTSI IMYAKA 5 , ABANYAMUHATI 6
IBYO KWITABWAHO KU BANA
BAFITE IMYAKA 2-6( EARY
CHILDHOOD )
 Aba bana nkuko twabibonye ni abana bakura vuba cyane ;
ni abana bagira ishyaka ( umuhati ) mu byo
bakora ,bakoresha imbaraga nyinshi kuri buri gikorwa
berekejeho amaboko.
 MBESE NIKI UMWIGISHA CG UMUBYEYI AKWIRIYE
KWITAHO KU KUBUNGABUNGA IMIKURIRE YABA
BANA: - uyu mwana akeneye guhabwa indyo yuzuzuye
kuko nibwo umubiri we uba ukeneye kurya cyane iyo ariye
nabi ntakura neza abasha kugwingira
 - kumuha ibikinisho : bimuzamurira ubushobozi bwe
bwo kuvumbura ibintu bishya ; bizamura ubwenge bwe,
bimufasha kumenya kuvuga, gutekereza no gukora.
 - kumufasha kubaka ubushuti bw’uyu mwana na
mwalimu we n’abandi bana bituma ubwenge bw’uyu
mwana bukura
 Kumushishikariza gukunda imikino
 Kuruhuka bihagije: ; umwana uri muri iki kigero aba
akeneye kuruhuka bihagije kuko ikiruhuko gihagije mu
masaha ya nyuma ya saasita gituma agira iterambere mu
mikurire ye mu bwenge ,mu mibanire ye n’abandi ndetse
no mu gihagararo
MENYA UMWANA URI HAGATI
Y’IMYAKA 6-12( LATE CHILDHOOD)
 Aba bana nabo baba bakura ariko bitari ku rwego rwihuse nka babandi tuvuyeho.
 Muri J.A aba bana bakubiye mu mitwe y’ amajyambere y’abato n’ abagimbutse ikurikira :
 -abanyamuhati imyaka 6
 -abatwaramucyo imyaka 7
 - abubatsi imyaka 8
 - abafasha Imyaka 9
 - incuti imyaka 10
 - abo tubana imyaka 11
 -abavumbuzi imyaka 12
 Aba bana bose baba baratangiye amashuri abanza ndetse uwize neza nicyo kigero aba ari
kurangizamo amashuri abanza tutirengagije ko hari n’abana baba batangiye umwaka wambere
w’ayisumbuye .
 BIMWE MU BINTU BIRANGA ABA BANA
 Ni abanyamuhati
 Ni abanyakuri
 Bakunda gukora utuntu twinshi ,ntibaba bicaye hamwe
 Ni abafasha ni ingirakamaro
 Bakunda kurema uducuti
 Bakunda ababyeyi Babo cyane
 Ni abavumbuzi
 Imibiri yabo iba itangiye guhinduka mu myaka 9-12 bitegura kugera mu kigero cya adolecent neza
 NI IBIKI UMUREZI CG UMUBYEYI WABO ABA AKWIRIYE KWITAHO KU GUFASHA
IMIKURIRE YABO :
 Kubaba ibikorwa igihe cyose haba mu rugo cg ku ishuri ntibicare ubusa kuko ni abana ubwenge
bwabo buba bukora cyane baba biteguye kuvumbura kdi iyo utabahaye imirimo baragoma kandi
bakaba bagira ibyo bangiza kuko baba ari inkubaganyi
 BASHIMWE MU GIHE BAKOZE NEZA
 Kwerekwa impuhwe kandi bagaterwa ishyaka

 Bitabweho mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwabo kandi bahabwe ibyo kurya bihagije ndetse indyo yuzuye
INGIMBI
N’ABANGAVU( adolescence or
teengers 12-18 years
 Aba bana muri J.A baramutse barakurikiye neza ibyigisho bya J.A ukurikije imyaka yabo
bakabaye bari mu mitwe y’amajyambere ikurikira ;
 Abavumbuzi imyaka 12
 Ababimbuzi imyaka 13
 Abagenzi imyaka 14
 Abayobozi imyaka 15
 Abayobozi bakuru imyaka 16
 NI IBIKI BIRANGA ABA BANA
 Mu buryo bugaragara aba bana hari impinduka ziba zitangiye kuba ku mibiri yabo
 umwana w’umuhungu: atangira kumera ubwanwa ,insya , igice cyo hejuru kikagaya ( agatuza)
,gutangira kwiroteraho,kuniga ijwi gukura kw’ingano y’igitsina cye.
 UMWANA W’UMUKOBWA: gukura kw’amabere ye, kugara kw’igice cyo hasi (kumera amabuna
n’ amataye ),kujya mu mihango , kumera insya,ijwi rye rirushaho kuba rito kandi riryoheye
amatwi , kwiyongera mu gihagararo .
 IBIBAZO UMWANA ABASHA GUHURIRA NABYO MURI IKI KIGERO
 Kugira impungenge kubidasanzwe ari kujya yibonaho agakeka ko ahari arwaye urugero
nk’umwana ugiye mu mihango bwa mbere kandi akayijyam0 mbere yigihe ashobora kwiheza mu
bandi
 Umwana ashobora gusekwa n’abandi bana igihe yibonyeho imihango bwa mbere yenda
imitunguye ari nko mu ishuri cyangwa ari gukina n’abandi
 Ibishuko bishora umwana mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mbere y’igihe bishingiye ku kuba
ntabumenyi afite buhagije bw’igihe agezemo .
 INAMA KU BABYEYI N’ ABAREZI
 Uyu mwana agomba kwigishwa bihagije ibyiki kigero agezemo kandi akerekwa urukundo
kurenza ikindi gihe cyabayeho akababwa hafi kandi agatozwa kujya mu mirimo y’itotero
agahora aboneka mu bikorwa bimukururira ku kubaha Imana no gusenga bikamubera
umurinzi ( IMIGANI 3: 1,2 mwana wanjye ntukibagirwe ibyigisho byanjye ,ahubwo
umutima wawe ukomeze amategeko yanjye ,kuko bizakungurira imyaka myinshi
y’ubugingo bwawe.

 Iki kigero uyu mwana iyo agitambutsemo neza aba abonye impamba y’ubuzima bwe bwe
bwose : mu nzira yo gukiranuka hari ubugingo kandi no mu mayira yako nta rupfu
rubamo IMIGANI 12:28
ITERAMBERE MU
BWENGE Bw’UMWANA
 Nkuko twabibonye haruguru umuhanga witwa jean piaget niwe wavuze
ku iterambere ry’ imikurire y’umwana mu mitekerereze (mu bwenge ).
 Yavuze kandi ku nzira ebyeri ( 2)z’ingenzi ku bijyanye n’iterambere
ry’ubwenge bw’ umuntu cyangwa se zifasha umuntu kugirango yumve
ibintu akuye ahamuzengurutse
 (1)Assimilation : ni uburyo umuntu yakira ibintu n’uburyo ki
yitwara ku bindi bishya amenye nyuma akabihuza n’ibyambe.re
yarazi .
 urugero : umwana umenyereye ko iwabo haba imbwa azi imbwa
nk’itungo rigufi rimeze kwakundi niryo azi gusa ntahandi arabona
itungo rindi rimeze nkayo umunsi umwe atemberanye n’umuntu
azabone ihene bwambere na mbere rero ashobora kuzagirango nayo
ni imbwa ayihamagare nkimbwa kuko muri we icyo azi ni imbwa
gusa.
 Mbese hari ibyo umwana yarazi mbere ari kubihuza n’ibyo abonye
nyuma ( ese koko iriya nayo ni imbwa cg ni ikindi kintu ? Kugeza aha
turi kumva icyo bita assimilation
 2. Accomodation : ni ukwinjiza amakuru mashya cyangwa guha icumbi
amakuru mashya uyahuza nayo wari wibitsemo mbere .
 ugurego: Umuntu watemberanye nawa mwana nyuma yuko umwana
koko akiri kwibaza niba cya kintu gishya yabonye niba koko ari imbwa
cyangwa ikindi kintu gishya rero ashobora gusobanurira wa mwana ko
burya atari imbwa ahubwo ari ihene ashingiye ku bice bitandukanye
bigize imbwa n’ibigize ihene . Amusaba kwitegereza amaguru y’ihene
amwereka ukuntu atandukanye nay’imbwa, umunwa mbese buri gice
kigize ihene afasha umwana kumva ko burya bitamdukanye cyane .
INTAMBWE 4 Z’ITERAMBERE
RY’IMIKURIRE Y’UBWENGE
BW’UMWANA
 1.The sensory motor stage(birth to 2 years 0-2 years)

 Iki ni igihe umwana ibikorwa by’ubwenge bwe bishingira ku by’ibyiyumviro bye :

 iyo akivuka ubushobozi bw’ubwenge bwe buba bushingiye ku bikorwa nawe ubwe akora
ntaruhare abigizemo ( reflexes or involuntary actions ) urugero nko : konka,gufata icyo
umushyize mu ntoki akagikomeza, kurira,guhumbya ,gutera utuguru.
 Nyuma atangira kandi kwiga gutandukanya ibintu ikintu kimushimishije akakiyegereza
akacyonka
 Ikindi kandi atangira kujya yiga gukoresha ibyo bamushyize mu kiganza akabibyaza mo ijwi
rimushimishije urugero : gufata itsinda ry’ imfunguzo azikubita ku kindi kintu
akanezezwa n’ uburyo zivuga
 Ikindi atangira kujya agira ibintu yumva akunze kandi amenyera gukinisha kuburyo iyo
ubijyanye kure yaho abibona ahita arira .
 IKIBA GIKWIRIYE KWITABWAHO KUGUFASHA ITERAMBERE RY’UBWENGE BW’UYU
MWANA
 Kumushakira ibikinisho
 Gukunda kuvugisha uyu mwana ugirango umufashe kumenya kuvuga ndetse waba uri
kumurangira ikintu udatite basi ugashaka igishushanyo kigihagarariye cg ikimenyetso
kicyerekana
 2. pre- conceptual( pre operational ) stage ( 2-4 years)
 aba ni abana baba bari mu mashuri y’incuke
 - Aba ni abana baba bari kwiga kuvuga ndetse abandi batangiye kubimenya , baba bamaze
kumenya amagambo menshi ,ni imbaraga z’imitekerereze zimaze kuzamuka.
 - Baba bashobora gusobanura ibintu bidahari ,baba bazi kwigana amajwi y’ibintu bitandukanye
 - Baba bazi kandi kwigana ibintu muri rusange ; bashobora gufata ibuye bakaryita imodoka
ndetse bakaritwara igihe kinini nk’imodoka kandi bigana ijwi ry’imodoka uko iba ivuga mu
muhanda.
 - Abakobwa baba bazi kwigana imirimo ya ba mama wabo nko guteka ,gukubura
 - Aba bana baba bazi guhimba utuntu dushya binyuze mu mikino bakina
 - bakunda kubaza utubazo twinshi baba bashaka kumenya buri kimwe cyose
 - aba bana baba bikunda cyane , ibintu byose baba bashaka kubyireherezaho kandi bumva
aribo wakitaho cyane ( EGOCENTRISM )
NI UBUHE BUFASHA MWALIMU ( UMUBYEYI )
W’ABA BANA AGOMBA KUBAHA
KUGIRANGO AKUZE UBWENGE BWABO
 Kuhaba ibikinisho no kubabwira udukuru ,gucisha ibintu byose mu ndirimbo no gukora ibintu
byinshi mu kiganiro
 Kubaha ibyo bashushanyaho
 Gusubiza ibisubizo by’ibibazo bakubajije kandi neza utababeshya kandi ukurikije n’ikigero
cyabo utabaha ibisubizo bikomeye
 Kubaha uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza impano n’ibyiyumviro byabo
 Gukosora imvugo zabo : iyo avuze ijambo neza ukamwereka uko rivugwa neza.
 INTUITIVE STAGE ( 4-7 years )
 Iki kigero iyo umwana akigezemo aba akomerewe no kubika mu mutwe we isano cg
itandukaniro y’ibintu birenze kimwe.
 Uyu mwana gutekereza ibintu birenze cyangwa kuvumbura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse
biramugora.
 Aha kumva ibintu by’imibare biramugora cyane bisaba kugirango ubanze umusobanurire neza
ukoresheje ibikoresho umwereke inzira ku nzira
 Umwigisha we bisaba gutegura ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango afashe umwana kumva
neza no kumenya itandukaniro ry’ibintu .
 Umwigisha we iyo akoresheje udukuru mu kumwigisha bimufasha kumva cyane.
 4. CONCRET OPERATION ( 7-11 YEARS )
 Aha umwana intekerezo ze ziba noneho zibasha kubika mu mutwe ibintu kandi aba abasha
kwibuka ibyo yabonye mbere ndetse akaba yabasha kubihuza nibyo abonye ako kanya.
 Imitekerereze ye iba ikuze kuburyo abasha kugereranya ndetse no gutandukanya ibintu.
 Biramukomerera gusobanura ibintu byo mu cyuka yoroherwa no gusobanura ibintu byabaye
ahibereye afitiye igihamya mbese ibintu bifatika
 NI IKI UMWALIMU W’UYU MWANA YAMUFASHA KUGIRANGO AKOMEZE AZAMURE
UBWENGE BWE:
 Kumwigishiriza ku bintu bifatika abasha kuba yanakoraho bizamura imitekerereze ye
 Kumwigisha udakoresha imvugo gusa ahubwo ucangamo n’imfashanyigisho.
 Kumuha ibyo akora
 Kumuha imikoro- ngiro
 5. FORMAL OPERATION ( HEJURU Y’IMYAKA 11)
Aba ni abana bashobora kumva badakeneye ko unakoresha imfashanyigisho ubereka ibintu
cyangwa ukoresheje ibyo bareberaho bifatika .
 IBIRANGA UBWENGE
BW’ABANA BARI HEJURU
Y’IMYAKA 11
Babasha kuvumbura ibyo batazi bahereye
kubyo bazi hafi aho
Bashobora guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye
Babasha gutanga ibitekerezo
Basenya ibitekerezo by’abandi bagahagarara
ku byabo kandi babihamisha ibihamya
bifatika.
NI GUTE MWALIMU YAKWITWARA KURI
ABA BANA BAMEZE BITYO
Gukoresha imfashanyigisho zifatika igihe
abigisha
Kubaha ibazwa ry’ubahiriza ubushobozi
bw’imitekerereze ya buri mwana(:
urugero igihe yakoze amatsinda buri tsinda
akaribaza akurikije ubushobozi bw’abana
barigize
 MBESE UMUHANGA WITWA
FREUD SIGMUND YAVUZE IKI KU
BANA ?
 FREUD SIGMUND: yavutse tariki 6 gicurasi 1856 I freiberg, Moravia, mu bwami bwa Austaria ,apfa kuri
23 nzeri 1939 I London mu bwongereza.
 uyu ni umwe mu bahanga mu mitekerereze ya muntu bavuze ku isano y’imitekerereze ya muntu
n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ( pyschosexual) kandi asobanura neza ibihe cyangwa intambwe buri
muntu acamo n’imyitwarire aba afite kuri buri kigero cy’imyaka agezemo.
 Yasobanuye neza intambwe 5 z’imitekerereze ya muntu ku buzima bw’imyororokere:
 1. oral stage: ( oral bivuze umunwa iki gihe gitangira umwana akivuka kugeza ku mwaka 1 ½ aha
umwana ibikorwa bye byose biba byerekeza ku munwa )
 Umunwa ni cyo gice cy’umubiri irari rye ryose riba rishingiyeho niho uzasanga umwana icyo
abonye cyose ahita agishyira mu kanwa.
 2. anal stage 1 ½ -3 years ( anal ni ijambo rikomoka kurindi ryitwa anus rivuga : innyo)
 Aha niho uzasanga umwana akunda gukoresha cyane akabuno ke kurenza izindi ngingo cyane
afasheho ,akora munnyo ye.
 Iki kigero kandi umwana aba akunda kwituma ahantu abonye hose kuko aba ataranamenya gukoresha
umusarani neza.
 3. phallic stage: 3-6 years : aha abana irari ryabo riba rishingiye ku myanya ndangagitsina ye aho
uzasanga akunda gukora kugitsina cye cyane kandi akumva agize isoni nyinshi cg arikanze
mugihe hagize ukoraho.
 Aha niho uzasanga buri mwana akunda kwisanzura cg aba akunda cyane umubyeyi we
batandukanije igitsina. Umukobwa agakunda se cyane ,umuhungu nawe agakunda nyina cyane .
 Ku bahungu FREUD yise iki kigero: oedipus complex yarabivanye ku mwana w’umu giriki wishe
se kugirango azarongore nyina yumvaga afuhiye cyane se, iki kigero rero kirema urwango hagati
yabana b’abahungu naba se.
 Kubakobwa iki gihe cyo bakise ELECTRA COMPLEX aha abakobwa baba bakunda base cyane
baba babafashe nk’abagabo babo bumva bafuhiye ba nyina cyane .
 Abakobwa aha bumva banze ba nyina kandi baba bikunze cyane `( egocentrism) bumva ise
yakabiseho kurenza uko yita kuri nyina .
 4. LATENCY IMYAKA 6 KUGEZA KU BUGIMBI
 Aha umwana ibikorwa byerekeza ku gitsina biba bitangiye kugabanuka aho uzasanga umwana ku ishuri
no kumwicaranya nuwo batandukanije igitsina muba abanzi kuko biba bibateye isoni cyane .
 5. GENITAL STAGES( ITANGIRA KU BUGIMBI/UBWANGAVU KUGEZA UMUNTU AKUZE)
 Aha noneho ubushake kubijyanye n’imyororokere ( imibonano ) buba bwarazamutse cyane ugereranyije
n’imyaka yabanje .
 Umwana aba afite ububasha bwo gushaka incuti bashobora kuba bahuza ibitsina .
 Abana baba bafite ubushake n’impano byo gukora imirimo yabagirira akamaro.
UMWANZURO
Imikurire y’umwana yavugwaho byinshi cyane ,twavuze mu ncamake uburyo
umwana akuramo mu gihagararo mu mbamutima n’imibanire ye n’abandi
ndetse no mu bwenge bwe bw’ibigaragara nyamara hari ikindi gice
cy’ingenzi tutasesenguye cyane twakomojeho ariko n’ucyumva neza uraza
gusanga gihatse bya bindi byose kuko nicyo gitegurira inzira kandi
kikazamura imikurire y’umwana muri bwa buryo butatu tuvuze haruguru mu
buryo bwiza cyane , burya umwana aba akeneye no gukura mu buryo bwa
mwuka ( spritually ) ,umwana akwiriye kwigishwa uburere bwa gikristo akiri
muto ,IMIGANI 28: 28 MAZE IBWIRA UMUNTU ITI : DORE KUBAHA
UWITEKA NIBWO BWENGE KANDI KUVA MU BYAHA NIKO KUJIJUKA.
umwana wubaha Imana aba afite indanga gaciro zirenze wawundi utayubaha.
uyu mwana ntapfa kwishora mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ibasha kuba
yajyana ubuzima bwe mu kaga ,ntiyishora mu biyobyabwenge bibasha
kwangiza igihagararo cye n’ubwenge bwe ,abana n’abandi neza kandi iteka
imbamutima ze zihora zinogeye buri wese ,aba afite imyitwarire myiza
kuburyo aho yiga naho agenda aba ari ikitegererezo gishimwa n’Imana
n’abantu kuko imico ye aba yigana kristo we wabaye ikitegererezo ku bana
bose kuko yabyirutse ashimwa n’Imana n’abantu ( LUKA 2: 52)
Uyu mwana kandi wamenyereje kubaha Imana akiri muto imikurire ye iyo
akomeje kubikurikiza arinda asaza ataratatira icyo gihango ( IMIGANI 22: 6)
Abana rero iyo barezwe neza mu mujyo wa gikiristo bakura ari abana beza
mu nguni zose kandi bibabera impamba y’ubuzima bwabo bwose niyo
mpamvu twatangije isomo rivuga ngo : MU NZIRA YO GUKIRANUKA HARI
UBUGINGO NO MU MAYIRA YAKO NTA RUPFU RUBAMO. IMIGANI 12:
28 .
REFERENCES
BIBILIYA YERA
BROWN,C.(2008). Development
psychology.los angeles:SAGE
Harris,M.butterworth,G(2012).develop
ment psychology : a student’s
handbook.new york: psychology
pressldt.

End ! Prepared by DERMAS RUGAMBA