GUKORA AKARIMA K’IGIKONI,

KURWANYA UDUKOKO TWANGIZA

IBIHINGWA UDAKORESHEJE IMITI

PRESENTED BY :
Ir HAKIZIMANA Francois Xavier
Agronome w’Umurenge wa Nyamata
INTANGIRIRO

Imirire myiza ni ishingiro ry’Ubuzima bwa buri wese, kandi igira uruhare runini mugufasha
igihugu kugera ku ntego z’ikinyagihumbi(SDGs) zigamije iterambere no kurwanya ubukene.
 Imirire mibi ni ikibazo gihangayikishije mu Rwanda kuko abantu badafite ibyo kurya
bihagije kandi bikungahaye kuntungamubiri bituma bibasirwa n’indwara n’ubukene .
 Imirire mibi ituma abana bagwingira ntibashobore gukura , ntibagire imbaraga zo gukora,
bakadindira mu mikurire y’Ubwenge ndetse bakagira ingaruka mu mibanire n’abandi .
Hagamijwe kongera Umusaruro w’ibihingwa bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye,
Umurima w’igikoni ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe bufasha gukemura iki kibazo cy’imirire mibi
mu muryango.
IBIKUBIYE MU ISOMO
• I. UMURIMA W’IGIKONI N’IKI?
• 1.1. Kuki dukeneye umurima w’igikoni
• 1.3 Umurima w’igikoni ukorwa ute? Nibiki
bisabwa kugirango ukore umurima w’igikoni.
1.4. Ubwoko bw’imirima y’igikoni
1.5 Guhumbika no gutera ingemwe
1.6. Uko umurima w’igikoni witabwaho
1.7. kwita kubutaka bwo mumurima w’igikoni
• II. UKO WARWANYA IBYONYI
N’INDWARA Z’IBIHINGWA
• 2.1. Ibyonyi
a. ubwoko bw’ibyonyi
b. uburyo bwo gukumira ibyonyi
c. uburyo bwo kurwanya ibyonyi
• 2.2. indwara z’ibihingwa
a. Amako y’indwara
b. Uburyo bukomatanyije bwo
kurwanya indwara
c. Uburyo bwo gukora umuti
udwanya indwara n’ibyonyi
byangiza ibihingwa ukozwe
mubikoresho kamere
III. Nigute abagize umuryango
bagufasha gukora umurima w’igikoni
no kuwitaho
IV. Umusozo
I. UMURIMA W’IGIKON NIKI?
• Umurima w’igikoni ni ahantu hahingwa
imboga n’ibindi hingwa bikungahaye ku
ntungamubiri (ibiti byera imbuto
ziribwa, ibijumba bikungahaye kuri
Vitamini A, ibishyimbo bikungahaye ku
munyu wa Feri…) byunganira gutunga
abagize umuryango mu kubona ibiribwa
bibafasha kubona indyo yuzuye.

• Ufasha kandi abantu barya neza kandi

bakazigama amafaranga, bakarya ibikiva
mu murima, bikungahaye ku
ntungamubiri.
1.1. KUKI DUKENEYE UMURIMA W’IGIKONI
• Utuma abagize Umuryango babona ibyo kurya binyuranye kandi bihagije abawugize
bose bakarya neza.
• Utanga ibiribwa bitanambye.
• Ushobora kugurisha imboga ukabona amafaranga.
• Utuma abagize umuryango barushaho kunga ubumwe.
• Abagore, abakiri bato, abageze mu za bukuru n’abafite ubumuga bose bashobora
kuwukoramo.
• Uteza imbere ubuhinzi, n’abantu bakabona ibyo kurya byiza
• Ubungabunga ibidukikije.
• Iyo ufashwe neza utanga ibiribwa igihe cyose cy’umwaka (haba ku zuba cyangwa mu
gihe cy’imvura) n’igihe ibindi bitarera.
• Ukoreshwa igihe cyose (ku manywa n’ikigoroba)
• Ntibigombera kujya mu isoko ngo ubone ibyo biribwa (ntibigusaba kubanza kubona
amafaranga kugira ngo ubone ibyo uteka) Umurima w’igikoni utuma abagize
Umuryango babona ibyunganira indyo yuzuye irimo ibitera imbaraga, ibyubaka
umubiri n’ibirinda indwara.
Kugira ngo umuntu agire indyo yuzuye, agomba kurya buri munsi ikiribwa kimwe
cyangwa bibiri byo muri buri cyiciro.
1.3. UMURIMA W’IGIKONI UKORWA UTE N’IBIKI BIKENERWA
KUGIRANGO UKORE UMURIMA W’IGIKONI ?

Ibisabwa kugirango ukore umurima w’igikoni:

kugirango ukore umurima w’igikoni Ubushake
n’umwete ni ingenzi, ariko nanone hakenerwa:
1. Iteganya-bikorwa rirebana no gukora umurima
w’igikoni,
2. Ubutaka,
3. Ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bwo gukora umurima
w’igikoni.
• 1. Iteganya-bikorwa rirebana no gukora umurima w’igikoni,
Mu kwitegura gukora umurima w’igikoni umuhinzi agomba:

 kugira ishusho igaragaza ubwoko bwa buri mboga n’ibiti byera

imbuto yifuza guhinga n’aho azabitera.
 kumenya icyo umusaruro uzakoreshwa.
 Kumenya ibyo azakenera guhinga (ubwoko bw’ibihingwa)
n’ingano y’ubutaka azakoresha kugira ngo ateganye ibikoresho n’
imbuto azakoresha.
 Agomba kandi kumenya ibihingwa byera mu karere atuyemo
n’igihe buri gihingwa gitererwa n’igihe gisarurirwa kugirango
ahitemo ibyo azahinga.
 Mu murima muto: imboga zidatwara umwanya munini.
 Mu murima munini: ibihingwa bikenera umwanya munini.
Umuhinzi agomba kumenya uburyo bwiza
bwo guhinga Umurima we
GUSIMBURANYA IBIHINGWA (ROTATION)

Ihinga rya mbere Ihinga rya kabiri Ihinga rya gatatu Ihinga rya kane
(inshuro ya mbere)

Ibihingwa bikenera Ibinyamisogwe Ibihingwa byera imbuto Ibinyabijumba

imyunyu ➢ Ibishyimbo (hakenerwa kongera ➢ Imyumbati
ntungabihingwa myinshi ➢ Amashaza ifumbire y’imborera mu ➢ Ibijumba
(ibihingwa bigira ➢ Soya murima) ➢ Karoti
amababi menshi); ➢ Inyanya
➢ Ibigori ➢ Puwavoro
➢ Amashu ➢ Ibihaza, inzuzi
➢ Epinari ➢ Ibirayi
➢ Ibitunguru
Umuhinzi agomba kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo guhinga umurima we
Gutera ibihingwa by’amoko
atandukanye
Utera ibihingwa by’amoko abiri cyangwa
arenga ku mirongo itandukanye. Ibyo bituma:
 Ukoresha neza ubutaka n’ibitunga
ibihingwa.
 Ushobora kurwanya ibyatsi bibi, ibyonnyi
n’indwara.
 Uhinga imboga n’imbuto by’amoko
anyuranye ugendeye ku ngano y’umurima
wawe, bifasha umuryango kubona indyo
yuzuye.
Gutera ibihingwa mu bihe/ibyiciro
bitandukamye
 Ni uguhinga ibihingwa binyuranye mu
murima umwe, mu bihe bitandukanye mu
gihembwe kimwe. Ikigamijwe nuko
umuhinzi ahorana imboga cyangwa imbuto
mu murima we.
➢ Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku mboga zihingwa
inshuro nyinshi mu mwaka. Utera ku matariki
atandukanye. Ubu buryo butuma ukomeza
kweza imboga.
2. UBUTAKA

• Umurima w’igikoni uwushyiraho ukurikije ubutaka ufite,

n’uko wifuza kubukoresha neza. Ubutaka ufite uko bwaba
bungana kose, bwagufasha kweza zimwe mu mboga
ukenera bigatuma ugira imirire myiza. Shaka aho washyira
uwo murima uzirikana ibi bikurikira:
• Kuba hafi y’urugo.
• Kuba hashobora kugezwa amazi yo kuhira mu buryo
bworoshye.
• Kuba hagera urumuri ruhagije.
• Kuba kure y’ibiti binini bitavangwa n’imyaka.
• Iyo ari umurima munini: kuwurinda isuri, gushyiramo
utuyira, kurinda ibihingwa umuyaga mwinshi, izuba
n’ubushyuhe byinshi..
(Suite)
Mbere yo gushyiraho umurima w’igikoni,
umuhinzi agomba Gutegura aho ushyirwa, harimo:
 Guhinga ubutaka bwo hejuru.
kuburinganiza no kuvanamo imyanda cyane
cyane ibitabora (amasashi, amacupa, amakaara..).
Guhinga akageza isuka hasi.
Kumena ubutaka kugira ngo udukoko twinjirimo,
buhumeke, amazi abwinjiremo no kugira ngo
imizi y’ibihingwa ikure neza.

Mu gihe cyo gutegura ubutaka umuhinzi yirinda

kubukandagiramo.
1.4. UBWOKO BW’IMIRIMA Y’IGIKONI N’UMWIHARIKO WA BURI MURIMA
Ubwoko bw’Umurima Ibyiza Imbogamizi Kuramba U

1.Umutabo utumburutse wongerewe Ishobora kwegeranya Ukenera ifumbire Ushobora U

ubujyakuzimu ibihingwa, imizi ikura nyinshi kumara imyaka i
imanuka aho kujya mu y’imborera 3 ntayindi u
mpande, ukagabanya akazi cyangwa fumbire k
kuko umara igihe kirekire y’amatungo ushyizemo c
ifumbire n’amazi bitindamo muntangiriro w
ukenera akazi i
kenshi

2. Umutabo witse wongerewe ubujyakuzimu Ugira ubutaka Ukenera ifumbire Ushobora I

bwimbitse/burebure nyinshi kumara imyaka b
butuma amazi agera kure y’imborera 3 nta fumbire m
bikongera umusaruro. muntangiriro ushyizemo
Ifumbire itinda mubutaka ukenera akazi
ikamaramo igihe kirekire. kenshi
UBWOKO BW’IMIRIMA Y’IGIKONI N’UMWIHARIKO WA BURI MURIMA(suite)

Ubwoko Ibyiza Imbogamizi Kuramba Umusaruro

bw’Umurima
3.Umurima wa Ukoresha amazi Ahaterwa imyaka ni Ushobora kumara Utanga umusaruro
Mandara mabi ubusanzwe hato imyaka 3 nta ushimishije
apfa ubusa fumbire ushyizemo

4. Umurima Ujya kubuso buto Ukenera amazi Umara umwaka Utanga umusaruro
w’igikoni umeze ahabonetse hose menshi ,ushobora utubutse
nk’umutemeri murugo cyangwa gutwarwa n’isuri iyo
hafi yaho.ntusaba imvura ibaye
ibikoresho nyinshi. igice
byinshi,wongera cyohejuru ntigifata
ubutaka amazi
buhingwa ,kandi
urera cyane.
UBWOKO BW’IMIRIMA Y’IGIKONI N’UMWIHARIKO WA BURI MURIMA(suite)
Ubwoko Ibyiza Imbogamizi Kuramba Umusaruro
bw’Umurima

5. Umurima ushashe Utegurwa uko Amazi ntatindamo Utegurwa burihinga Ntutanga

uhinze mu buryo bisanzwe ,ugahingw ubutaka ntibuba umusaruro mwinshi
busanzwe a ukavanwamo bwimbitse cyane cyane
ibyatsi bibi ndetse kubinyabijumba
ugashyirwamo
ifumbire y’imborera

6. Umurima w’igikoni Urwanya Kuwubaka bisaba Ubutaka bugomba Utanga umusaruro

ifite amabaraza isuri,ukamara igihe ibikoresho byinshi kuvugururwa buri utubutse
kirekire iyo bikanatwara mwaka
wubakishijwe umwanya
ibikoresho bikomeye
UBWOKO BW’IMIRIMA Y’IGIKONI N’UMWIHARIKO WA BURI MURIMA (suite)

Ubwoko Ibyiza Imbogamizi Kuramba Umusaruro

bw’Umurima

7. Imirima ikoze Ushobora guhinga Igomba guhora Ubutaka Umusaruro uyu

mubikoresho imboga ahantu hato yitabwaho, buvugururwa buri murima utanga
biboneka murugo : cyane ukoresheje igakenera amazi yo mwaka cyangwa wunganira
imifuka , amabase ibintu kuhira muburyo burihinga bitewe umuryango
n’indobo zishaje bitagikoreshwa buhoraho n’igikoresho mukubona imboga
umurima ukozemo
Wategura ute imirima y’igikoni y’ubwoko butandukanye?
1.Umutabo wegutse wongerewe ubujyakuzimu (double dug bed)
• 1. Gena aho umutabo ugomba gushyirwa, ugaragaze imbago zawo ukoresheje uduti.
• 2. Pima udupande duto twa cm 90 mu burebure bw’umutabo n’ubugari bwa cm 120. Garagaza
utwo dupande twa 90 cm ukoresheje uduti cg utugaragaze (udushushanye) ukoresheje isuka.
• 3. Shyira muri buri gapande ingorofani y’ifumbire y’imborera uvange n’ubutaka bwo hejuru bwo
muri cm30.
• 4. Vanaho 30 cm z’ubutaka bwo hejuru mu gapande ka mbere ka cm 90, ucukure ugere ku
butaka bukomeye. Ubutaka bwo hejuru ubushyire ku mpera y’umutabo.
• 5. Cukura izindi cm 30 z’ubutaka bwo hasi ugeze muri cm 60, ubumene kandi ubucoce kugira
ngo bworohe ariko ntubuvanemo..
• 6. Shyira hejuru y’ubutaka bumenye bwo mu gapande ka mbere ibyatsi byumye bivanze n’ibyatsi
bibisi wuzuze umwobo;
• 7. Shyira hejuru y’ibyatsi, ubutaka buvanze n’ifumbire bwo mu gapande ka kabiri (bwo muri cm
30);
• 8. Mena ubutaka bukomeye bwo hasi kuva muri cm 30 kugera muri cm 60 mu gapande ka kabiri
1. Umutabo wegutse wongerewe ubujyakuzimu (double dug bed)-ibikurikira
9. Shyira hejuru y’ubutaka bumenye bwo mu gapande ka kabiri ibyatsi byumye bivanze n’ibibisi.
10.Shyira hejuru y’ibyatsi, ubutaka buvanze n’ifumbire bwo mu gapande ka gatatu (bwo muri cm
30).
11.Gukomeza gukora gutyo kugera ubwo udupande twose turangiye
12. Sanza ubutaka bwo hejuru mu mutabo wose ukoresheje isuka cyangwa rato ubone aho utera.
Ikitonderwa:
Imirima yegutse ikoreshwa ahantu hagwa imvura nyinshi cyangwa hari amazi menshi kugira ngo
igabanye kureka kw’amazi mu murima.
• Ushobora gukora imitabo myinshi ikurikiranye itandukanyijwe n’utuyira twa cm 30.
2. Umutabo witse wongerewe ubujyakuzimu (Sunken bed)
• 1. Toranya aho ushyirwa
• 2. Gabanya umurima wawe mo udupande duto twa cm 120 z’ubugari n’uburebure bwa cm 90.
• 3. Shyira muri buri gapande ingorofani y’ifumbire y’imborera uvange n’ubutaka bwo hejuru bwo muri
cm30.
• 4. Shyira ku ruhande ubwo butaka bwo hejuru buvanze n’ifumbire. Ubwo butaka bwo hejuru bwo mu
gapande ka mbere bushyirwa mu gapande ka nyuma.
• 5. Cukura cm30 z’ubutaka bwo hasi (kugera kuri 60cm) ubumene kugira ngo ubworoshye.
• 6. Vanamo ubutaka bwo hasi ubushyire ku ruhande ariko ntubuvange n’ubwiza bwo hejuru bwa mbere
(bushyire ku rundi ruhande).
• 7. Shyiramo ibyatsi byumye n’ibibisi ugeze kuri ¾ by’uwo mwobo.
• 8. Shyira hejuru y’ibyatsi ubutaka bwo hejuru buvanze n’ifumbire bwo mu gapande ka kabiri.
Umutabo witse wongerewe ubujyakuzimu (Sunken bed)-Ibikurikira
• . Jya mu gapande ka kabiri ucukure cm30 z’ubutaka bwo hasi (kugera muri cm60),
ubumene kugira ngo ubworoshye.
• 10. Vanamo ubwo butaka bwo hasi ubushyire ku ruhande ariko ntubuvange n’ubwiza
bwo hejuru.
• 11. Shyiramo ibyatsi byumye n’ibibisi ugeze kuri ¾ by’uwo mwobo.
• 12. Shyira hejuru y’ibyatsi ubutaka bwo hejuru buvanze n’ifumbire bwo mu gapande
ka gatatu.
• 13. Komeza utyo urangize umurima wose
• 14. Sanza ubutaka bwo hejuru mu mutabo uhuze udupande twose ukoresheje isuka
cyangwa rato ubone aho utera.
• 15. Kikiza umutabo Shyiraumurima wose ubutaka bwo hasi wagiye ushyira ku
ruhande rw’umurima.
• Icyitonderwa: Ushaka gukora imitabo myinshi ugenda usiga umwanya ungana na cm
30
3. Umurima ushashe uhinze mu buryo busanzwe

• Bawutegura bahinga ku buryo busanzwe: bararima, bagatabira

bakavanamo ibyatsi hanyuma bagakoramo udupande duto dufite
inzira hagati yatwo zorohereza abawitaho (kuwutegura, gutera,
kubagara, gutera imiti, gusarura….). Uyu murima kuwutegura
biroroshye kandi nta byinshi bisaba.
• • Kubera ko ubusanzwe uyu murima utabika amazi igihe kirekire ni
ngombwa ko mu kuwuhinga umuhinzi ageza isuka hasi ndetse
akawusasira amaze kuwuteramo ibihingwa
4. Umurima w’igikoni umeze nk’umutemeri
• Uyu murima ufata umwanya muto aho ari ho
hose mu rugo (ku mbuga, mu gikari, mu rugo
imbere,…). Nta bintu byinshi usaba,
urarumbuka kandi utubura ubutaka
buhingwaho kuko uterwaho imyaka kuva hasi
kugera hejuru. Uba mwiza mu turere tugira
amazi menshi. Ibikoresho bikenerwa
➢ Ibiti 5 - 7 bya 1,2 m z’uburebure.
➢ Umugozi wa 150 cm n’undi wa 25 cm.
➢ Amasuka, ibitiyo.
➢ Ubutaka, ifumbire y’imborera.
➢ Ibyatsi bibisi bibora vuba bishyirwa imbere
mu mutiba. Ingemwe zo gutera cyangwa
umurama.
1. Vanga ubutaka bwo hejuru n’ifumbire ku gipimo cya
1/1(Ubutaka bungana n’ifumbire) .
2. Ringaniza aho ugiye kuwushyira
3. Shinga ibiti hagati uce uruziga rwa cm 300
z’umurambararo.
4. Muri urwo ruziga runini camo hagati urundi rwa 50
cm z’umurambararo
5. Mu ruziga ruto cukuramo umwobo wa cm 20
z’ubujyakuzimu
6. Shinga ibiti 5 cyangwa 7 bya cm 120 mu mpande
z’uwo mwobo (cm 20 zijya mu butaka).
7. Genda ushyira ibyatsi gahati y’ibyo biti kugeza hejuru
(usa nk’uboha umutiba). Uzuzamo ibyatsi bibisi bibora
cyangwa imyanda iva mu gikoni.
8. Shaka ibintu byatangira ubutaka kuri rwa ruziga runini
(amabuye, amatafari cyangwa imitumba n’ibindi).
4. Umurima w’igikoni umeze nk’umutemeri (suite)
• Shyira itaka rivanze n’ifumbire ku mpande y’ibiti bikoze umutiba kugeza
hejuru usigaze cm nkeya (irinde gushyira itaka mu mwobo wo hagati).
• 10. Siga mu mpande z’umurima inzira ya cm 60 z’uburebure kuri cm 40
uzajya unyuramo uwuhira cyangwa ukora n’ibindi bikorwa. Icyitonderwa
:
• ➢ Si byiza gukandagira murima w’igikoni igihe urimo ku wubaka.
• ➢ Uyu murima iyo umaze gukorwa uterwaho imbuto/ingemwe ku
mirongo iwuzengurutse.
• Ni byiza gusasira umurima iyo umaze guterwaho ibihingwa. Uyu
murima ugomba kuba hafi y’igikoni kugira ujye umenwamo imyanda
n’amazi biva mu gikoni bitanga ifumbire (muri wa mwobo wo hagati).
Irinde gushyiramo amazi arimo isabuni
5. Umurima w’igikoni ufite amabaraza
• Uyu murima urwanya isuri kandi ushobora kumara igihe kirekire iyo wakishijwe ibikoresho biramba. Umara umwaka
umwe utanga umusaruro ushimishije, nyuma yaho ukenera kongerwamo ifumbire. Ibihingwa biterwa ku materasi. Uyu
murima ugira akamaro cyane mwi mu turere tugira imvura nke kuko ubika amazi kandi ntiwangizwe n’isuri. Ibikoresho
bikenerwa:
• Iyo ushaka gukora umurima w’amabaraza 3 ya 0.5 m, ushobora gukenera:
▪ Ibiti (5-7 bya 1m, 15 bya 0.8 m bijya ku ruziga rwa mbere, ibiti 27 bya 0.6 m bijya ku ruziga rw’ibaraza rya kabiri, ibiti 37
bya 0.4 m bijya ku ruziga rw’ibaraza rya gatagu).
▪ Ubutaka bwo bwo hejuru buhingwa.
▪ Ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza.
▪ Umugozi n’ibiti.
▪ Ibyatsi bibisi bibora vuba.
▪ Amasuka, ingorofani n’ibitiyo.
▪ Inyundo, ibuye cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyo gushinga ibiti mu butaka.
▪ Imifuka/imigwegwe/amatafali cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gushyigikira ubutaka.
▪ Ibyatsi byumye, umucaca cyangwa ibishangara(amashara)
5. Umurima w’igikoni ufite amabaraza (suite)

• . Toranya aho ushyira umurima

• 2. Ca uruziga rwa cm 50 z’umurambararo hagati yaho umurima ugomba gushyirwa
• 3. Ca uruziga rwa 2 kuri cm 50 (0.5 m) uvuye ku ruziga rwa 1 (ibaraza rya mbere).
• 4. Ca uruziga rwa gatatu kuri cm 50 uvuye ku rwa kabiri (ibaraza rya kabiri)
• 5. Cukura umwobo mu ruziga rwa mbere ugeze kuri cm 20 z’ubujyakuzimu ukuremo iryo taka.
• 6. Shinga ibiti 5 cyangwa 7 bya m1 ku muzenguruko w’uruziga rwa mbere, ubishimangire ukore ku buryo
hasigara cm 80 hejuru y’ubutaka, wubake umutiba ukoresheje ibyatsi, umucaca wumye cyangwa ibishangara
(amashara) nk’uko bikorwa ku murima umeze nk’umutemeri.
• 7. Shyiramo ibyatsi bibisi bibora vuba ugeze kuri ¾. Uzakomeza kujya wongeramo ifumbire cyangwa ibisigazwa
byo mu gikoni n’amazi kugira ngo bibore vuba. Gukora ibaraza rya mbere
• 8. Shinga ibiti bya cm 80 ku muzenguruko w’uruziga rwa kabiri, ubishimangire hasigare cm60 hejuru. Intera
hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni cm30.
• 9. Zengurutsaho imifuka uyizirikishe imigozi kuri ibyo biti cyangwa ushinge ibigwegwe hagati y’ibiti uyifatishe
imbariro zitambitse zifashe ku biti. Ubishoboye ushobora no kubaka urukuta ruzengurutse rw’amatafari
cyangwa amabuye.
• 10. Uzuza muri iryo baraza ubutaka buvanze n’ifumbire.
5. Umurima w’igikoni ufite amabaraza (ibikurikira)

• photo • Ibaraza rya kabiri

12. Shinga ibiti bya cm 60 ku muzenguruko w’uruziga rwa gatatu,
ubishimangire ku buryo hasigara cm 40 hejuru (intera ya cm 30
hagati y’ibiti)
13. Zengurutsaho imifuka cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byavuzwe
haruguru. Uzuza muri iryo baraza ubutaka buvanze n’ifumbire.
▪ Siga utuyira 2 twa cm30-40 z’ubugari na cm30 zinjira mu murima,
mbese nk’uko bikorwa ku murima w’umutemeri (kamwe mu
ruhande rw’inyuma y’umurima n’akandi mu ruhande rw’imbere).
▪ Iyo umurima ufite amabaraza menshi hasigwa utuyira 3). Ni
udukoreshwa buhira cyangwa bakorera umurima. Ibaraza rya
gatatu
14. Bigenze nk’uko wabigenje ahandi, ariko ushinge ibiti bya cm 40
hasigare cm 20 hejuru.
15. Komeza gusiga utuyira 2 cyangwa 3 (Uburebura bwa buri
baraza ni cm 20)
16. Iyo gukora umurima w’amabaraza birangiye haterwa imbuto
cyangwa ingemwe ku mirongo izengurutse ku mabaraza. Ni byiza
gusasira umurima iyo umaze guterwaho ibihingwa
6. Umurima wa Mandala
1. Banza gutoranya ahashyirwa umurima wa mandala (hegereye ahazaturuka amazi
azakoreshwa).

2. Cukura umwobo hagati y’ahagomba gushyirwa umurima, wa cm 40 z’umurambararo

kuri cm 30 z’ubujyakuzimu, uzajya ujyamo amazi (ayo mu gikoni, mu bwiyuhagiriro, aya
robine nay’imvura n’ayo kumeshesha).
3 Cukura umuferege ufite ubugari bwa 30 cm (bitewe n’amazi azawunyuramo uko
angana), uzajya ujyana amazi mu mwobo.
4. Pima cm 60 uvuye kuri uwo mwobo. Usige ubutaka butazakoreshwa bugenewe
kuyungurura amazi mabi ajya mu mwobo. Kora umutabo utumburutse wongerewe
ubujyakuzimu izengurutse ubwo butaka (ikorwa nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru).
Iyo ufite ubutaka bugari, ushobora gukora imitabo myinshi ikikije umwobo w’amazi
itandukanyijwe n’inzira ya cm30 hagati y’umutabo n’undi
II. UKO WARWANYA IBYONYI N’INDWARA Z’IBIHINGWA

• 2.1. ibyonyi
Ibyonyi ni udusimba duto twororoka vuba kandi twangiza imyaka kuko
turya ibihingwa (inda,uduhunduguru,imungu,inanda,nkongwa…)ndetse
n’inyoni,imbeba n’amatungo yo murugo.
Ingaruka z’ibyonyi
Ibyonyi bituma umusaruro ugabanyuka cyangwa ukabura kuko birya ibice
by’igihingwa harimo n’imbuto ndetse bikanyunyuza amatembagihingwa
bigatuma igihingwa kidakura neza ndetse kikaba cyakuma
a. UBWOKO BW’IBYONYI

1.Isazi z’ibishyimbo
2.Uduhunduguru
3.Tiripusi(thrips)
4.Imungu
5. Nkongwa
6. Iminyorogoto cyangwa udushorobwa
7. Ibivumvuri
8. Ibinyamushongo

Ikitonderwa:
Udusimba twose ntiturya ibimera hari uturya utundi bityo tukagira uruhare mu kurwanya
ibyonyi.
b. UBURYO BWO GUKUMIRA IBYONYI
• Hari ibintu wakora ugakumira ibyonyi bitaraba ikibazo mu murima
wawe
- Imihingire myiza
-gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima
-kuvana ibisigazwa by’imboga byose mu murima
- Gutera ibihingwa by’amoko atandukanye
- Hari ibihingwa bigira akamaro ibindi bihinze mu murima umwe
- Tera imboga zidapfa kwibasirwa n’ibyonyi
- Jya wita kumurima wawe ( kuwufumbira,kuvomerera
imyaka,kubagara,kwicira n’ibindi)
c. UBURYO BWO KURWANYA IBYONYI

• Gukoresha imitego ishobora gufata udusimba tumwe na tumwe

• Koresha isabune y’igifute urwanya ibivumvuri n’ibishorobwa bikiri
bito
• Kuzitira ukoresheje ikarito uzengurutsa umurima birinda inanda
kwinjira mumurima
• Gutoragura ibyonyi n’iminyorogoto,ibivumvuri,inanda,n’utundi
dusimba dushobora gutegwa kuburyo bworoshye
2.2. INDWARA Z’IBIHINGWA

Hari indwara nyinshi zifata ibihingwa zigatuma bidakura cyangwa ngo

byere neza bityo ntibibashe gutanga umusaruro mwiza.

Niryari igihingwa kiba kirwaye?

Igihingwa kirwaye gihindura ibara akenshi kikaba umuhondo ,kikagira

ingufu nkeya,kikarabirana, kikuma cyangwa kikabora ibice byacyo
birimo imizi ,uruti , amababi ndetse n’imbuto.
a. Amoko y’indwara
Indwara z’ibihingwa(imboga) zishyirwa mubyiciro Umuntu ahereye
kukizitera:

• Iziterwa na Virusi zirangwa ahanini n’ipfunyarara ry’amababi ndetse

n’utubara tw’umuhondo tuzaho(Mosaic) imbuto zikazana amabara
kandi zigakomera nk’ibuye
• Iziterwa na Bagiteri zirangwa no kuba
• Iziterwa n’uduhumyo : zigaragazwa akenshi no guhinduka kw’ibara
ry’amababi akenshi akaba ikigina ndetse byakomeza akabora,
zirindwa haterwa imbuto zizewe .ibihingwa byaba byarwaye
hagaterwa imiti yica uduhumyo nka Dithane,ridomil,oxychlorule de
cuivre n’indi …
b. UBURYO BUKOMATANYIJE BWO KURWANYA
INDWARA
• -Gusimburanya ibihingwa
• Gutera ibihingwa byihanganira indwara
• Kwirinda gusiga ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa mu murima
• Kuvana mu murima ibyatsi bibi mu murima
• Gukoresha imbuto nziza
• Gutera ku ntera ikwiriye
c. UBURYO BWO GUKORA UMUTI URWANYA INDWARA N’IBYONYI
BYANGIZA IBIHINGWA UKOZWE MUBIKORESHO KAMERE

Ibikoresho :
• Ibyatsi ,nyiramunukanabi
• Urusenda(piripiri cyangwa kamurari )
• Tungurusumu,inyabarasanya
• Igikakarubamba
Ibindi
• Amazi ,isafuriya,inkwi….
Uko umuti utegurwa
• Gufata imisogwe y’urusenda,amababi ya nyiramunukanabi,ibijumba
by’ubutunguru,amababi y’inyabarasanyi,igikakarubamba(igice icyaricyo cyose)
ushobora no kongeramo amababi y’igiti cya Nimu(neem)
• Kubivanga no kubicagagura(kubikata), kubiteka mu mazi mugihe cy’iminota 15
kugera kuri 20: bafata ikiro kimwe cy’imvange y’ibyatsi bagashyiramo amazi
litiro 4
• Kubikamuramo amazi ukayungurura: gutereka amazi arimo isabune
bashyiramo garama nk’icumi(10g) zisabune imeza(itaro omo cyangwa isabune
yo koga) mumazi ya litiro imwe
• Isabune ituma iyo uteye umuti kubihingwa ufataho ukamara umwanya
• Gufungura umuti ya mazi arimo isabune mbere yo kuwutera kubihingwa : litiro
imwe y’umuti ivangwa n’amazi ya litiro imwe irimo isabune
III. NIGUTE ABAGIZE UMURYANGO WAWE BAGUFASHA
MUGUKORA UMURIMA W’IGIKONI NO KUWITAHO?

Abagize umuryango abanabato, abana bakuze, ababyeyi bose

bagira uruhare rufatika mugukora umurima w’igikoni:
• Abana bato bafasha Kuvanamo amabuye,ibyatsi bibi,udusima
twangiza,gusarura
• Abana bakuru bahinga bakanabagara,bagufasha
gutera,bakuhira,basarura
• Ababyeyi bakorana n’abana bakabigisha imirimo yo gukora no
kwita ku murima w’igikoni
UMUSOZO
• Umurima w’Igikoni ufite akamaro kanini mukubonera ibitunga
umuryango bitoshye birimo intungamubiri zihagije zadufasha kurinda
indwara n’igwingira ry’abana
• Duharanire kugira ubuzima bwiza tugira umurima w’igikoni isi yacu
tuyihindure tutanguje ibidukikije dukoresha imiti yoroshye idatera
ingaruka k’umubiri w’umuntu uruhare rwaburiwese ni ingenzi
mugusiga isi ari nzima nkuko twayisanze.

Murakoze