UNDERSTANDING

ELECTROMAGNETI
C INDUCTION
By: Kyle Smith Rahiem Townsend Tay-sean Brown
Andre Morrison Jamaal Dixon
Raquan Pusey D’mario
 01
MAGNETIC
FLUX
&
MAGNETIC FLUX
➔ Magnetic flux is a measurement of
the total magnetic field which passes
through a given area.

➔ It is a useful tool for helping describe

the effects of the magnetic force on
something occupying a given area.
 MAGNETIC FLUX

➔ The measurement of magnetic flux is tied to the particular

area chosen.
➔ We can choose to make the area any size we want and orient
it in any way relative to the magnetic field
➔ The SI Unit for Magnetic Flux is the Weber (Wb)

.
Fig .1
 FLUX DENSITY
➔ A force per unit of sensitive element, which
in this case is a current.
➔ B is a vector magnitude, and is calculated as
the magnitude of the magnetic force per unit
of current in a given elemental length of a
conductor.
➔ The unit of B in the SI is the tesla (T),
named after the Croatian inventor and
engineer Nikola Tesla. In basic units, 1 T =
N·A−1 m−1.
Flux linkage to a coil with N turns

The flux linked with a

coil in a uniform
The magnitude of the flux linkage may
magnetic field varies
thus be increased by:
with the angle, the
● increasing the area of the coil
area and the number
● increasing the number of turns in the coil
● increasing the of
fluxturns.
density
● changing θ to be closer to 0° or 180°
 Faraday’s Law
These discoveries are summarized by Faraday’s law, which states that:

As the coil in moves from position A to B,

The induced e.m.f. is the flux through
proportional theofloop
to the rate increases
change fromor1the
of flux linkage torate of
3 lines. Two lines of force have cut through
cutting of lines of force
the coil as ξthey
= −dΦmove from the outside to the
inside. The greater
dt speed at which lines are
cut in this way, the greater the e.m.f.
Here ξ is the induced e.m.f. in volts and dΦ/dt is the rate
of change of flux linkage in webers per second.
 Lenz’s Law

In Figure (a) the north pole of a bar magnet is When the magnet is pulled out of the solenoid,
pushed towards the solenoid. Lenz’s law tells as in Figure (b) the induced current makes the
usLenz’s
that thelaw:
induced currentofmust
the effect be in the current isend
the induced of the coil
to oppose thefacing the north
change pole ofit.the
producing
direction that makes the end of the solenoid magnet behave as a south pole, which attracts
facing the magnet behave
a) Aasmagnet
a north pole to into a the
pushed coilnorth pole and opposes its motion. The
is repelled;
repel the magnet’s north
b) pole; its motion
a magnet is away from
pulled direction
a coilofisthe induced current is therefore
attracted.
thus opposed. opposite to that obtained when the magnet
moves towards the solenoid.
Applications of electromagnetic induction
Faraday’s Law
Applications of electromagnetic induction
Lenz’s Law
RightHand Rule
 Questions
A straight
circular wire
loop of length
conductor20 cm
of diameter
moves sideways
5 cm is with
placed
speed
at right
v = angles
20 m to a
uniform
s−1 at right
magnetic
anglesfield
to a uniform
with B =magnetic
0.05 T. field of flux density B = 0.5
T. The resistance of the wire is 5 Ω. The ends of the wire are
(a) Calculate
connected with
theleads
magnetic
of negligible
flux through
resistance.
the coil.
The motion of the wire
is maintained by a force F. Calculate:
(b) The plane of the loop is now rotated until the angle θ
between
(a) the e.m.f.
the normal
inducedto in
thethe
plane
wireand the field is 60°. Calculate the new
value of the flux through the loop.
(b) the induced current